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An Application Programming Interface, better know by it's abbrieviation, API, is a simple way to interact with websites. Using an API you can extract public data from sites like del.icio.us, flickr, Digg and more to create mashups, reuse data or just about anything else you can imagine.
APIs are also useful for extracting your own private data from a site so that you can back it up elsewhere or display it on another site.
When talking about APIs you'll here the following terms quite a bit.
== Common API Related Terms ==
# Web service/API -- These terms are largely interchangable and simple refer to the ways you can interact with the data on your favorite websites.
# Method -- A method is just one aspect of an API; you might also see methods refered to a functions. For instance, if you're interacting with Flickr, you might want to get your public photos. To do so you would use the get_user_photos method.
# Response -- the information returned by the API method that you've called.
# REST -- short for Representational State Transfer. REST treats data as a web document that lives at a specific URL. REST APIs use standard HTTP requests such as GET, PUT, HEAD, DELETE and POST to interact with data.
# XML-RPC -- This older API scheme formats method calls and reponses as XML documents which are sent over HTTP.
# SOAP -- Simple Object Access Protocol. A W3C standard for passing messages across the network. SOAP is the successor to XML-RPC. It's complexity has led many to disparage SOAP and with more APIs leaning toward REST, SOAP's future is uncertain.
# AJAX -- Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. Technically it has nothing to do with APIs, however many sites using APIs send their queries out using AJAX which is partially resposible for the popularity of JSON.
# JSON -- JavaScript Object Notation. JSON's main advantage is that it is easy to convert from JSON to nearly any other programming language. JSON uses key-value pairs and arrays, something common to PHP, Python, Perl, Ruby and most other languages. The portability of JSON has made it an increasingly popular choice for sites developing APIs.
== Popular Web APIs ==
# [http://www.google.com/apis/maps/ Google Maps]
# [http://developer.yahoo.com/maps/ Yahoo Maps]
# [http://www.flickr.com/services/api/ Flickr]
# [http://code.google.com/apis/youtube/overview.html YouTube]
# [http://del.icio.us/help/api/ del.icio.us]
# [http://wiki.ma.gnolia.com/Ma.gnolia_API ma.gnolia]
# [http://twitter.com/help/api Twitter]
# [http://www.yelp.com/developers/documentation/search_api Yelp]
# [http://openid.net/ OpenID]
# [http://www.amazonws.com/ Amazon S3]
# [http://atomenabled.org/ AtomAPI]
# [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/API MediaWiki API]
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