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+Diesel mechanic whose son swallowed 32 batteries AAA. The lady who came up to us in the parking lot to ask about the bus it was very sweet and nice but Karen and I are sitting there debating right before she walked up talking about how we had no confidence in it maybe we should do something else and she comes up and wants to talk about the bus and tell us about her 1954 trailer she restored and that process and and all you really want to do is be like leave me alone but when you have a rig like this when you live this way I feel like you're obligated you're out in public and you're obligated to interact with the public so we talk and we're nice and you know what in the end it makes us feel better we left forget our worries for a minute talk about water damage and trailers and and putting new vinyl on seats and all the other fun things we've done over the years and we bond with people. And for a minute there it seems like everything's going to be okay and and then she told her she was going to a board game convention
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+Feed: Low-Tech Magazine
+Title: Can We Make Bicycles Sustainable Again?
+Author: kris de decker
+Date: Mon, 24 Apr 2023 03:19:58 -0500
+Link: https://www.lowtechmagazine.com/2023/02/can-we-make-bicycles-sustainable-again.html
+ 
+Cycling is the most sustainable form of transportation, but the bicycle is 
+becoming increasingly damaging to the environment. The energy and material used 
+for its production go up while its life expectancy decreases.
+ 
+[image 1: Imagenweb (link #2)][1]
+ 
+Illustration: Diego Marmolejo[3].
+ 
+Cycling is sustainable, but how sustainable is the bicycle?
+ 
+Cycling is one of the most sustainable modes of transportation. Increased 
+ridership reduces fossil fuel consumption and pollution, saves space, and 
+improves public health and safety. However, the bicycle itself has managed to 
+elude environmental critique. [1] [2] Studies that calculate the environmental 
+impact of cycling almost always compare it to driving, with predictable results:
+the bicycle is more sustainable than the car. Such research may encourage people
+to cycle more often but doesn't encourage manufacturers to make their bicycles 
+as sustainable as possible.
+ 
+For this article, I have consulted academic studies that compare different types
+of bicycles against each other or focus on the manufacturing stage of a 
+particular two-wheeler. That kind of research was virtually non-existent until 
+three or four years ago. Using the available material, I compare different 
+generations of bicycles. Set in a historical context, it becomes clear that the 
+resource use of a bike's production increases while its lifetime is becoming 
+shorter. The result is a growing environmental footprint. That trend has a clear
+beginning. The bicycle evolved very slowly until the early 1980s and then 
+suddenly underwent a fast succession of changes that continues up to this day.
+ 
+  The bicycle evolved very slowly until the early 1980s and then suddenly 
+  underwent a fast succession of changes that continues up to this day.
+ 
+There are no studies about bicycles built before the 1980s. Life cycle analyses,
+which investigate the resource use of a product from “cradle” to “grave,” only 
+appeared in the 1990s. However, the benchmark for a sustainable bicycle stands 
+in the room where I write this. It’s my 1980 Gazelle Champion road bike – now 43
+years old. I bought it ten years ago in Barcelona from a tall German guy who was
+leaving the city. He had tears in his eyes when I walked away with it. I have a 
+second road bike, a Mercier from 1978. That is my spare vehicle in case the 
+other one breaks down and I don't have the time for immediate repairs. I have 
+two more road bikes parked in Belgium, where I grew up and where I still travel 
+a few times a year (by train[4], not by bike). These are a Plume Vanqueur from 
+the late 1960s and a Ventura from the 1970s.
+ 
+The main reason why I have opted for old bicycles is that they are much better 
+than new bicycles. Most people don’t realize that, so they are also much 
+cheaper. My four bikes cost me just 500 euros in total. That would buy me only 
+one low-cost new road bike, and such a vehicle surely won’t last 40 to 50 years 
+– as we shall see. Of course, it’s not just old road bikes which are better. The
+same goes for other types of bicycles built before the 1980s. I ride road 
+bicycles because I cover relatively long distances, usually between 35 and 50 km
+round trip.
+ 
+[image 2: P2200841 (link #6)][5]
+ 
+Image: The bicycle I use most often, a Gazelle Champion from 1980. It has 
+covered at least 30,000 km since I bought it in 2013.
+ 
+What bicycles are made of
+ 
+The first significant change in the bicycle manufacturing industry was the 
+switch from steel to aluminium bicycles. Before the 1980s, virtually all bikes 
+were made from steel. They had a steel frame, wheels, components and parts. 
+Nowadays, most bicycle frames and wheels are built from aluminium. The same goes
+for many other bike parts. More recently, an increasing number of cycles have 
+frames and wheels made from carbon fibre composites. Some bike frames are built 
+from titanium or stainless steel. All of these materials are more energy 
+intensive to produce than steel. Furthermore, while steel and aluminium can be 
+recycled and repaired, composite fibres can only be downcycled and have poor 
+repairability. [3]
+ 
+Several studies have compared the energy and carbon costs of bicycle frames and 
+other components made from these different materials – which all have different 
+strength-to-weight ratios. That research has some limitations. Scientists use 
+crude methods because they lack detailed energy data from bike manufacturing 
+processes, and some studies come from manufacturers who pay researchers to 
+review the sustainability of their products. Nevertheless, all put together, the
+results are pretty consistent. For the sake of brevity, I focus on emissions 
+(CO2 = CO2-equivalents) and ignore other environmental impacts.
+ 
+  Before the 1980s, virtually all bicycles were made from steel.
+ 
+Reynolds, a British manufacturer known for its bicycle tubing, found that making
+a steel frame costs 17.5 kg CO2, while a titanium or stainless steel frame costs
+around 55 kg CO2 per frame – three times as much. [4] Starling Cycles, a rare 
+producer of steel mountain bikes, concluded that a typical carbon frame uses 16 
+times more energy than a steel frame. [5] (That would be 280 kg CO2). An 
+independent 2014 study – the first of its kind – calculated the footprint of an 
+aluminum road bike frame with carbon fork from the “Specialized” brand and found
+the cost to be 2,380 kilowatt-hours of primary energy and over 250 kg of carbon 
+– roughly 14 times that of a steel frame (without fork) as calculated by 
+Reynolds. [2]
+ 
+A bicycle is more than a frame alone. Life cycle analyses of entire bikes show 
+that the carbon footprint of all the other components is at least as large as 
+that of a steel frame. [6] Scientists have calculated the lifetime carbon 
+emissions of a steel bike at 35 kg CO2, compared to 212 kg CO2 for an aluminum 
+bicycle. [7] [8] The most detailed life cycle analysis sets the carbon footprint
+for an 18.4 kg aluminum bicycle at 200 kg CO2, including its spare parts, for a 
+lifetime of 15,000 km. The main impact phase is the preparation of materials 
+(74%; aluminum, stainless steel, rubber), followed by the maintenance phase 
+(15.5% for 3.5 new sets of tires, six brake pads, one chain, and one cassette) 
+and the assembly phase (4.96%). [9]
+ 
+Where & how bicycles are made
+ 
+My steel bicycles date from a time when most industrialized countries had 
+long-established domestic bicycle industries serving their national market. [3] 
+These industries collapsed in Europe and North America following neoliberal 
+globalization in the late 1970s. China opened to foreign investment and quickly 
+became the largest bicycle manufacturer in the world. During the last two 
+decades, China has made two-thirds of the world’s bicycles (60-70 million of 110
+million annually). Most of the rest come from other Asian countries. Europe is 
+back to producing ten million bikes annually, but the US only manufactures 
+60,000 bicycles per year. [3]
+ 
+Throughout the twentieth century, manufacturing bicycles required substantial 
+inputs of human labor. [3] According to the Routledge Companion to Cycling, 
+“wheels were spoked and trued manually; frames were built by hand; saddle making
+was laborious; headsets, gear clusters (blocks), brake cables and gears were 
+physically bolted on.” Since the 2000s, automation has considerably reduced the 
+need for human labor. The largest Chinese bike manufacturer, which builds 
+one-fifth of the world’s bicycles, has 42 bicycle assembly lines making 55,000 
+bicycles a day – almost as much as the US in a year. [3]
+ 
+  Domestic bicycles industries in Europe and North America collapsed following 
+  neoliberal globalization in the late 1970s.
+ 
+The globalization and automation of the bicycle industry make bikes less 
+sustainable. First, they introduce extra emissions for transportation (from raw 
+materials, components, and bicycles) and for producing and operating robots and 
+other machinery. Second, producing steel, aluminum, carbon fiber composites, and
+electricity is more energy and carbon-intensive in China and other 
+bike-producing countries than in Europe and North America. [10] Most 
+importantly, however, is that large-scale automated production represents sunk 
+capital that needs to be working most of the time to spread overhead costs, 
+driving overproduction. [3]
+ 
+How long bicycles last
+ 
+How much energy and other resources it takes to build a bicycle and to deliver 
+it to a cyclist is just half the story. At least as importantly is how long the 
+bike lasts. The shorter its lifetime, the more vehicles need to be produced over
+the lifetime of a cyclist, and the higher the resource use becomes. 
+ 
+For a long life expectancy, some parts of a bicycle need replacement. These are 
+typically smaller parts such as shifters, chains, and brakes. [11] Until a few 
+decades ago, component compatibility was a hallmark of bicycle manufacturing. 
+[12] My bicycles are a perfect example of this. Most components – such as 
+wheels, gear set, and brakes – are interchangeable between the different frames,
+even though every vehicle is from another brand and year of construction. 
+Component compatibility allows for easy maintenance and repairability, thereby 
+increasing the lifetime of a bicycle. Bike shops in even the smallest villages 
+can repair all types of bicycles using a limited set of tools and spare parts. 
+[12] Cyclists can do minor repairs at home.
+ 
+Unfortunately, compatibility is hardly a feature of bicycle manufacturing 
+anymore. Manufacturers have introduced an increasing number of proprietary parts
+and keep changing standards, resulting in compatibility issues even for older 
+bicycles of the same brand. [1] [3] For example, if the shifter of a modern bike
+breaks after some years of use, a replacement part will probably no longer be 
+available. You need to order a new set from a new generation, which will be 
+incompatible with your front and rear derailleur – which you also need to 
+replace. [12] For road bikes, the change from cassette bodies with ten sprockets
+(around 2010) to cassette bodies with eleven, twelve, and most recently thirteen
+sprockets have made many wheelsets obsolete, and the same goes for the rest of 
+the drivetrain including shifters and chains. [12] [1]
+ 
+  Before the 1980s, most bicycle components were interchangeable between frames 
+  of different brands and generations.
+ 
+Disc brakes, which are now on almost every new bicycle, all have different axle 
+designs, meaning that every vehicle now requires proprietary spare parts. [1] 
+Disc brakes also required new shifters, forks, framesets, cables, and wheels, 
+making such bicycles incompatible with earlier designs. [12] The rise of 
+proprietary parts makes it increasingly hard to keep a bike on the road through 
+maintenance, reuse, and refurbishment. As the number of incompatible components 
+grows, it becomes impossible for bike shops to have a complete stock of spare 
+parts. [12] If a manufacturer goes bankrupt, proprietary spare parts will no 
+longer be available.
+ 
+Component incompatibility is accompanied by decreasing component quality. An 
+example is the saddle, which hardly ever outlasts a frameset because it cracks 
+at the bottom of the shell. [12] A little extra material would make it last 
+forever – as proven by all saddles of my 40 to 50-year-old road bikes. Low 
+quality affects some parts of expensive bicycles but is especially problematic 
+for cheap bicycles made entirely of low-quality components. Cheap bicycles – 
+bike mechanics refer to them as “built-to-fail bikes” or “bike-shaped objects” –
+often have plastic parts that break easily and cannot be replaced or upgraded. 
+These vehicles typically last only a few months. [13, 14]
+ 
+[image 3: Bike-manufacturing-factory-diego-marmolejo (link #8)][7]
+ 
+Illustration: Diego Marmolejo[3].
+ 
+How bicycles are powered
+ 
+So far, we have only dealt with entirely human-powered bicycles, but bikes with 
+electric motors are becoming increasingly popular. The number of e-bikes sold 
+worldwide grew from 3.7 million in 2019 to 9.7 million in 2021 (10% of total 
+bike sales and up to 40% in some countries like Germany). Electric bikes 
+reinforce both trends that make bicycles less sustainable. On the one hand, 
+electric motors and batteries require additional resources such as lithium, 
+copper, and magnets, increasing the energy use and emissions of bike 
+manufacturing. Researchers have calculated the greenhouse gas emissions caused 
+by manufacturing an aluminum e-bike at 320 kg. [8] This compares to 212 kg for 
+the production of an unassisted aluminum bicycle and 35 kg for an unassisted 
+steel bicycle.
+ 
+On the other hand, the life expectancy of an electric bicycle is shorter than 
+that of an unassisted two-wheeler because it has more points of failure. The 
+breakdown of the extra components – motor, battery, electronics – leads to a 
+shorter lifecycle due to component incompatibility. An academic study on 
+circularity in the bike manufacturing industry observes a significant increase 
+in defective components compared to unassisted bicycles and concludes that “the 
+great dynamics of the market due to regular innovations, product renewals, and 
+the lack of spare parts for older models make the long-term use by customers 
+much more difficult than for conventional bicycles.” [15]
+ 
+  Electric bikes reinforce both trends that make bicycles less sustainable.
+ 
+On top of this, electric bicycles require electricity for their operation, 
+further increasing resource use and emissions. This impact is small when 
+compared to the manufacturing phase. After all, humans provide part of the 
+power, and the electricity use of an electric bike (25 km/h) is only around 1 
+kilowatt-hour per 100 km. The average greenhouse gas emission intensity of 
+electricity generation in Europe in 2019 was 275 gCO2/kWh. [16] If an e-bike 
+lasts 15,000 km, charging the battery only adds 41 kg of CO2, compared to 320 kg
+for producing the (aluminum) bicycle. Even in the US and China, where the carbon
+intensity of the power grid is 50-100% higher than the European value, electric 
+bicycle production dominates total emissions and energy use.
+ 
+Cargo cycles
+ 
+Combining energy-intensive materials, short lifetimes, and electric motor 
+assistance can increase lifecycle emissions to surprising levels, especially for
+cargo cycles. These vehicles are larger and heavier than passenger bicycles and 
+need more powerful motors and batteries. There are very few life cycle analyses 
+of cargo cycles. However, a recent study calculated the lifecycle emissions of a
+carbon fiber electric cargo cycle to be 80 gCO2 per kilometer – only half those 
+of an electric van (158 gCO2/km). [17] The researchers explain this by the 
+difference in lifetime mileage – 34,000 km compared to 240,000 km for the van – 
+and the carbon fiber composites in many components, including the chassis of the
+vehicle. The lifecycle emissions of the cargo cycle, including the electricity 
+used to charge its battery, amount to 2,689 kg. That is almost 40 times the 
+lifecycle emissions of two steel bicycles (each with a 15,000 km lifecycle 
+mileage).
+ 
+Extending the useful life of electric bicycles has less impact on lifecycle 
+emissions when compared to unassisted bikes. That’s because the battery needs to
+be replaced every 3 to 4 years and the motor every ten years, which adds to the 
+resource use of spare parts. [11] This is demonstrated by a life cycle analysis 
+of an electric steel cargo cycle with an assumed life expectancy of 20 years. 
+[18] During its lifetime, the vehicle uses five batteries (each weighing 8,5 
+kg), two motors, and 3.5 sets of tires. Most lifecycle emissions are caused by 
+these spare parts, with the batteries alone accounting for 40% of the total 
+emissions. In comparison, the emissions for the steel frame are almost 
+insignificant. [18] This particular cargo cycle was built for African roads and 
+is not entirely representative of the average cargo cycle, mainly because of its
+heavy tires. 
+ 
+Cargo cycles have another disadvantage. Passenger bicycles and cars usually 
+carry only one person, meaning that one passenger kilometer on a bike roughly 
+equals one passenger kilometer in an automobile. However, for cargo, the 
+comparison of ton-kilometers is more complicated. If the load is relatively 
+light – usually up to 150 kg – the electric cargo cycle will be less 
+carbon-intensive than a van. However, heavier loads require several cargo cycles
+to replace one van, which multiplies the embodied emissions. [18] Switching to 
+electric cargo cycles without significantly reducing the cargo volume is 
+unlikely to save emissions. Obviously, cargo cycles with steel frames and 
+without electric motors and batteries -- for now still the majority -- will have
+much lower carbon emissions over their lifetimes.
+ 
+How bicycles are used
+ 
+In recent years, many cities have introduced shared bicycle services. In theory,
+shared bicycles could lower the number of bikes produced and thus decrease the 
+environmental impact of bicycle production. However, building and operating 
+bike-sharing services adds significant energy use and emissions. Furthermore, 
+shared bicycles don’t last as long as privately owned bicycles. Consequently, 
+shared bike services further reinforce the trends that make bicycles less 
+sustainable.
+ 
+A 2021 study compares the environmental impact of shared and private bicycles 
+while including the infrastructure that each option requires. It concludes that 
+personal bikes are more sustainable than shared bicycles. [8] The research is 
+based on the Vélib system in Paris, France, which has 19,000 vehicles, roughly 
+half with an electric motor. Vehicle manufacturing and bike-sharing 
+infrastructure cause more than 90% of emissions and energy use. The remaining 
+emissions are due to the construction of cycle lanes (3.5%), the rebalancing of 
+the bicycles to keep all stations optimally supplied (2%), and the electricity 
+used for charging the batteries of the electric bikes (0.3%). Altogether, a 
+shared bicycle from the Vélib system has an emissions rate of 32g CO2/km, which 
+is three to ten times higher than the rate of a personal bike (between 3.5 
+gCO2/km for a steel bicycle and 10.5 g CO2/km for an aluminum bicycle. [8]
+ 
+  Building and operating bike-sharing services adds significant energy use and 
+  emissions
+ 
+The scientists found that the bike-sharing service led to a 15% drop in bike 
+ownership. However, they also calculated that the average lifespan of a shared 
+bicycle is only 14.7 months, with an average lifetime mileage of 12,250 km. In 
+comparison, the average lifetime of a personal bike in France, based on a 2020 
+survey, is around 20,000 km – almost 50% higher than for shared bicycles. The 
+Vélib system includes 14,000 bike-sharing stations with a total surface of 
+92,000 m2 and an estimated lifetime of ten years. Each of the 46,500 docks 
+consists of 23 kg steel and 0.5 kg plastic. The power consumption of each 
+bike-sharing station is around 6,000 kWh per year. Due to the high impact of the
+infrastructure, the lifecycle emissions of shared electric bikes are only 24% 
+higher than those of shared non-electric vehicles. [8]
+ 
+The environmental footprint of bike-sharing systems can vary significantly 
+between cities. A life cycle analysis of bike-sharing services in the US found 
+carbon emissions of 65g CO2/km – twice as high as in Paris. [19] This is largely
+because the US systems rebalance the bicycles using diesel vans, while the 
+French service employs electric tractors. The US study also looks at the newer 
+generation of “dockless” bike-sharing services, which score even worse. Dockless
+shared bikes can be parked anywhere and located through a smartphone 
+application. Although this removes the need for stations, each bicycle requires 
+energy-intensive electronic components, and the system also generates emissions 
+through communication networks. [19] [10] Furthermore, dockless systems require 
+more bicycles and involve more rebalancing. 
+ 
+A life cycle analysis of Chinese bike-sharing services, many dockless systems, 
+shows high damage rates and low maintenance rates for bicycles. The annual 
+damage rate is 10-20% for reinforced bicycles and 20-40% for lighter vehicles 
+which have become more common. In practice, a shared bicycle becomes scrap when 
+the bike part with the worst durability breaks down. Repair is virtually not 
+happening. [10] Finally, when the companies go bankrupt, bike sharing creates 
+mountains of waste – including bicycles in good condition. [10] [1]
+ 
+[image 4: Lifecycle-carbon-emissions-per-kilometre-of-riding-bicycle (link 
+#10)][9]
+ 
+Image: Lifecycle carbon emissions per kilometre of riding a bicycle. Data 
+sources: [8] [17] [19] [26] Graph: Marie Verdeil.
+ 
+Not every bicycle replaces a car
+ 
+None of this should discourage cycling. Even the most unsustainable bicycles are
+significantly less unsustainable than cars. The carbon footprint for 
+manufacturing a gasoline or diesel-powered car is between 6 tonnes (Citroen C1) 
+and 35 tonnes (Land Rover Discovery). [20] Consequently, building one small 
+automobile such as the C1 produces as many emissions as making 171 steel 
+bicycles or 28 aluminum bicycles. Furthermore, cars also have a high carbon 
+footprint for fuel use, while bikes are entirely or partly human-powered. [21] 
+Electric cars have higher emissions for production but lower emissions for 
+operation (although that depends entirely on the carbon intensity of the power 
+grid).
+ 
+The bicycle even holds its advantage when its much shorter lifetime mileage is 
+taken into account. [22] Gasoline and diesel-powered cars now reach more than 
+300,000 km, double their lifetime in the 1960s and 1970s. [23] If a bicycle 
+lasts 20,000 km, it would take 15 bikes to cover 300,000 km. If those are steel 
+bicycles without an electric motor, the total carbon footprint for manufacturing
+is still six times lower than for a small car: 1,050 kg of CO2. If the bikes are
+made from aluminum and have electric motors, then emissions grow to 4,800 kg 
+CO2, still below the manufacturing carbon footprint of the small car.
+ 
+However, not every bicycle replaces a car. That is especially relevant for 
+shared and electric bikes: studies show that they mainly substitute for more 
+sustainable transport alternatives such as walking, using an unassisted or 
+private bicycle, or traveling on the subway. [19][24] In Paris, shared bikes 
+have three times higher emissions than electric public transportation. [8] In 
+addition, many carbon-intensive bicycles are bought for recreation and are not 
+meant to replace cars at all – they may even involve more car use as cyclists 
+drive out of town for a trip in nature. In all those cases, emissions go up, not
+down.
+ 
+How to make bicycles sustainable again?
+ 
+In conclusion, there are several reasons why bicycles have become less 
+sustainable: the switch from steel to aluminum and other more energy-intensive 
+materials, the scaling up of the bicycle manufacturing industry, increasing 
+incompatibility and decreasing quality of components, the growing success of 
+electric bicycles, and the use of shared bike services. Most of these are not 
+problematic in themselves. Rather, it's the combination of trends that leads to 
+significant differences with bicycles from earlier generations.
+ 
+For example, based on data mentioned earlier, manufacturing an electric bicycle 
+made from steel would have a carbon footprint of 143 kg. Although that is four 
+times the emissions from an unassisted steel bicycle, it is below the carbon 
+footprint of an aluminum bicycle without an electric motor (212 kg). Especially 
+if the battery is charged with renewable energy, riding an electric bike can 
+thus be more sustainable than riding one without a motor. Likewise, an aluminum 
+bicycle with a long life expectancy – for example, through component 
+compatibility – could have a lower carbon footprint than a steel bicycle with a 
+more limited lifespan.
+ 
+Many researchers advocate switching back to producing bicycles from steel 
+instead of aluminium and other energy-intensive materials. That would bring 
+significant gains in sustainability for a relatively low cost – slightly heavier
+bicycles. Steel frames would also make electric and shared bikes less carbon 
+intensive. Some researchers promote bamboo bike frames, but the benefit compared
+to old-fashioned steel or even aluminium frames is unclear. [27] A “bamboo 
+bicycle” still requires wheels and many other parts made out of metal or carbon 
+fibre composites, and the frame tubes are usually held together by carbon fibre 
+or metal parts. [6] Furthermore, the bamboo is chemically treated against decay 
+and becomes non-biodegradable. [1] 
+ 
+  Reverting to domestic and less automated bike manufacturing is a requirement 
+  for sustainable bicycles. 
+ 
+Better component compatibility would increase the life expectancy of bicycles – 
+also electric ones – through repair and refurbishment. It would bring no 
+disadvantages for consumers, even on the contrary. However, unlike a switch to 
+steel frames, better component compatibility would hurt the sales of new 
+bicycles. A study concludes that “the abandonment of standardization is a 
+profitable business model because it ensures that bicycles can only be ridden 
+for so long.” [1] The decreasing sustainability of bikes is not a technological 
+problem, and it’s not unique to bicycles. We also see it in manufacturing other 
+products, such as computers[11]. One bike mechanic observes: “The problem here 
+is capitalism; it’s not the bikes.” [14]
+ 
+Reverting to domestic and less automated bike manufacturing is a requirement for
+sustainable bicycles. The main reason is not the extra energy use generated by 
+transportation and machinery, which is relatively small. For example, shipping 
+from China adds around 0.7 to 1.2 gCO2/km for shared bicycles. [8] More 
+importantly, domestic and manual bike manufacturing is essential to make repair 
+and refurbishment the more economically attractive option. By definition, 
+repairing is local and manual, so it quickly becomes more expensive than 
+producing a new vehicle in a large-scale, automated factory. [10] Locally made 
+bicycles would increase the purchase price for consumers. However, better 
+repairability would allow for a longer life expectancy and a lower cost in the 
+long term. Addressing bike theft and parking problems is also essential because 
+they are often a reason for buying cheap, short-lasting bicycles. [25]
+ 
+Finally, shared bicycle services can have their place, and we will probably see 
+further improvements in their resource efficiency – the newest bike-sharing 
+stations in Paris have reduced their power consumption by a factor of six. [8] 
+However, shared bicycles are unlikely to become more sustainable than private 
+bicycles because they always require rebalancing and a high-tech infrastructure 
+to make the service work. Furthermore, getting attached to your bike can be a 
+strong incentive to take care of it well and thus increase its life expectancy, 
+as I can testify.
+ 
+Kris De Decker
+ 
+  * Read Low-tech Magazine offline[12].
+  * Subscribe to Low-tech Magazine's newsletter[13].
+  * Support Low-tech Magazine via Paypal[14] or Patreon[15].
+ 
+SOURCES
+ 
+[1] Szto, Courtney, and Brian Wilson. "Reduce, re-use, re-ride: Bike waste and 
+moving towards a circular economy for sporting goods." International Review for 
+the Sociology of Sport (2022): 10126902221138033. 
+https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/10126902221138033[16] 
+ 
+[2] Johnson, Rebecca, Alice Kodama, and Regina Willensky. "The complete impact 
+of bicycle use: analyzing the environmental impact and initiative of the bicycle
+industry." (2014). https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10161/
+8483/Duke_MP_Published.pdf[17] 
+ 
+[3] Norcliffe, Glen, et al., eds. Routledge Companion to Cycling. Taylor & 
+Francis, 2022. https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Companion-to-Cycling/Norcliff
+e-Brogan-Cox-Gao-Hadland-Hanlon-Jones-Oddy-Vivanco/p/book/9781003142041[18] 
+ 
+[4] Cole, Emma. “What’s the environmental impact of a steel bicycle frame?” 
+Cyclist, November 7, 2022. https://www.cyclist.co.uk/in-depth/11003/steel-bike-f
+rame-environmental-impact[19]
+ 
+[5] Mercer, Liam. “Starling Cycles publishes environmental footprint assessment 
+and policy.” Off-road.cc, July 2022. https://off.road.cc/content/news/starling-c
+ycles-publishes-environmental-footprint-assessment-and-policy-10513[20] 
+ 
+[6] Chang, Ya-Ju, Erwin M. Schau, and Matthias Finkbeiner. "Application of life 
+cycle sustainability assessment to the bamboo and aluminum bicycle in surveying 
+social risks of developing countries." 2nd World Sustainability Forum, Web 
+Conference. 2012. https://sciforum.net/manuscripts/953/original.pdf[21] 
+ 
+[7] Chen, Jingrui, et al. "Life cycle carbon dioxide emissions of bike sharing 
+in China: Production, operation, and recycling." Resources, Conservation and 
+Recycling 162 (2020): 105011. 
+https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921344920303281[22] 
+ 
+[8] De Bortoli, Anne. "Environmental performance of shared micromobility and 
+personal alternatives using integrated modal LCA." Transportation Research Part 
+D: Transport and Environment 93 (2021): 102743. 
+https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S136192092100047X[23] 
+ 
+[9] Roy, Papon, Md Danesh Miah, and Md Tasneem Zafar. "Environmental impacts of 
+bicycle production in Bangladesh: a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment 
+approach." SN Applied Sciences 1 (2019): 1-16. 
+https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-019-0721-z[24] 
+ 
+[10] Mao, Guozhu, et al. "How can bicycle-sharing have a sustainable future? A 
+research based on life cycle assessment." Journal of Cleaner Production 282 
+(2021): 125081. 
+https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652620351258[25] 
+ 
+[11] Leuenberger, Marianne, and Rolf Frischknecht. "Life cycle assessment of two
+wheel vehicles." ESU-Services Ltd.: Uster, Switzerland (2010). https://treeze.ch
+/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/Publications/Case_Studies/Mobility/leuenberger-
+2010-TwoWheelVehicles.pdf[26] 
+ 
+[12] Erik Bronsvoort & Matthijs Gerrits. “From marginal gains to a circular 
+revolution”. Paperback (full-colour): 160 pages, ISBN: 978-94-92004-93-2, Warden
+Press, Amsterdam. https://circularcycling.nl/product/from-marginal-gains-to-a-ci
+rcular-revolution/[27] 
+ 
+[13] US petition that calls for end o built to fail bikes gaining support in BC.
+https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/u-s-petition-that-calls-for-end-of-buil
+t-to-fail-bikes-gaining-support-in-b-c[28] 
+ 
+[14] Aaron Gordon. “Mechanics Ask Walmart, Major Bike Manufacturers to Stop 
+Making and Selling ‘Built-to-Fail’ Bikes”, Vice, January 13, 2022. https://www.v
+ice.com/en/article/wxdgq9/mechanics-ask-walmart-major-bike-manufacturers-to-stop
+-making-and-selling-built-to-fail-bikes[29] 
+ 
+[15] Koop, Carina, et al. "Circular business models for remanufacturing in the 
+electric bicycle industry." Frontiers in Sustainability 2 (2021): 785036. 
+https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2021.785036/full[30] 
+ 
+[16] https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/overview-of-the-electric
+ity-production-3/assessment[31] 
+ 
+[17] Temporelli, Andrea, et al. "Last mile logistics life cycle assessment: a 
+comparative analysis from diesel van to e-cargo bike." Energies 15.20 (2022): 
+7817.. https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/20/7817[32] 
+ 
+[18] Schünemann, Jaron, et al. "Life Cycle Assessment on Electric Cargo Bikes 
+for the Use-Case of Urban Freight Transportation in Ghana." Procedia CIRP 105 
+(2022): 721-726. 
+https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212827122001214[33] 
+ 
+[19] Luo, Hao, et al. "Comparative life cycle assessment of station-based and 
+dock-less bike sharing systems." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 146 
+(2019): 180-189. 
+https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921344919301090[34] 
+ 
+[20] https://www.theguardian.com/environment/green-living-blog/2010/sep/23/carbo
+n-footprint-new-car[35] 
+ 
+[21] Bicycles are entirely or partly powered by food calories. Some people argue
+that the life cycle energy requirements of bicycles are higher than other modes,
+when one considers the impact of food require to provide additional calories 
+that are burned during the bicycle use. However, the majority of people in 
+car-centered societies take in more calories than their sedentary lifestyle 
+requires. Increased cycling would lead to lower obesity rates, not to higher 
+calorie intakes.
+ 
+[22] This a purely theoretical calculation, because cars encourage much longer 
+trips than bicycles. 
+ 
+[23] Ford, Dexter. “As Cars Are Kept Longer, 200,000 Is New 100,000.” New York 
+Times, March 16, 2012. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/18/automobiles/as-cars-ar
+e-kept-longer-200000-is-new-100000.html?_r=2&ref=business&pagewanted=all&[36]
+ 
+[24] Zheng, Fanying, et al. "Is bicycle sharing an environmental practice? 
+Evidence from a life cycle assessment based on behavioral surveys." 
+Sustainability 11.6 (2019): 1550. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/6/1550[37] 
+ 
+[25] Larsen, Jonas, and Mathilde Dissing Christensen. "The unstable lives of 
+bicycles: the ‘unbecoming’of design objects." Environment and Planning A: 
+Economy and Space 47.4 (2015): 922-938. https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/131
+212/1/M%20Christensen%202015%20the%20unstable%20lives%20of%20bicycles%20ver2%20p
+ostprint.pdf[38]
+ 
+[26] Calão, Júlio, et al. "Life Cycle Thinking Approach Applied to a Novel 
+Micromobility Vehicle." Transportation Research Record 2676.8 (2022): 514-529. 
+https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/03611981221084692[39] 
+ 
+[27] A comparison of the life cycle emissions of a bamboo versus an aluminium 
+bicycle showed little difference (233 vs. 238 kg CO2). [6]
+ 
+Read Low-tech Magazine Offline
+ 
+Read Low-tech Magazine with no access to a computer, a power supply, or the 
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+pages and 709 images[12]. They can be ordered in our Lulu bookstore[40].
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+Links: 
+[1]: https://krisdedecker.typepad.com/.a/6a00e0099229e8883302b75197a7b7200c-pi (link)
+[2]: https://krisdedecker.typepad.com/.a/6a00e0099229e8883302b75197a7b7200c-800wi (image)
+[3]: https://www.instagram.com/ddidak/ (link)
+[4]: https://www.lowtechmagazine.com/2013/12/high-speed-trains-are-killing-the-european-railway-network.html (link)
+[5]: https://krisdedecker.typepad.com/.a/6a00e0099229e8883302b75197d1bc200c-pi (link)
+[6]: https://krisdedecker.typepad.com/.a/6a00e0099229e8883302b75197d1bc200c-800wi (image)
+[7]: https://krisdedecker.typepad.com/.a/6a00e0099229e8883302b6852a8ae5200d-pi (link)
+[8]: https://krisdedecker.typepad.com/.a/6a00e0099229e8883302b6852a8ae5200d-800wi (image)
+[9]: https://krisdedecker.typepad.com/.a/6a00e0099229e8883302b6852aacfa200d-pi (link)
+[10]: https://krisdedecker.typepad.com/.a/6a00e0099229e8883302b6852aacfa200d-800wi (image)
+[11]: https://www.lowtechmagazine.com/2020/12/how-and-why-i-stopped-buying-new-laptops.html (link)
+[12]: https://www.lowtechmagazine.com/low-tech-magazine-the-printed-website.html (link)
+[13]: https://d69baa34.sibforms.com/serve/MUIEAJWIw9w82Dl4ua6FQArPaI-3Qb-zVTwPNabHQgFH51MiGF69Smy9LOC_HPoUmBj0emaXsXT87gcQXDPvtu-AZsJCHWhkkv21CdrcQu4GdnYAhZ-MrIPhwGDecagLzYxqfvkaqXg2ODcbJU4ByoDmzJK3ZTczDo2jcWtfn-En0MGKLVkgxx9TgdHqYoPabMJCMF-agLEclEwv (link)
+[14]: https://www.paypal.me/lowtechmagazine (link)
+[15]: https://www.patreon.com/lowtechmagazine (link)
+[16]: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/10126902221138033 (link)
+[17]: https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10161/8483/Duke_MP_Published.pdf (link)
+[18]: https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Companion-to-Cycling/Norcliffe-Brogan-Cox-Gao-Hadland-Hanlon-Jones-Oddy-Vivanco/p/book/9781003142041 (link)
+[19]: https://www.cyclist.co.uk/in-depth/11003/steel-bike-frame-environmental-impact (link)
+[20]: https://off.road.cc/content/news/starling-cycles-publishes-environmental-footprint-assessment-and-policy-10513 (link)
+[21]: https://sciforum.net/manuscripts/953/original.pdf (link)
+[22]: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921344920303281 (link)
+[23]: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S136192092100047X (link)
+[24]: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-019-0721-z (link)
+[25]: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652620351258 (link)
+[26]: https://treeze.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/Publications/Case_Studies/Mobility/leuenberger-2010-TwoWheelVehicles.pdf (link)
+[27]: https://circularcycling.nl/product/from-marginal-gains-to-a-circular-revolution/ (link)
+[28]: https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/u-s-petition-that-calls-for-end-of-built-to-fail-bikes-gaining-support-in-b-c (link)
+[29]: https://www.vice.com/en/article/wxdgq9/mechanics-ask-walmart-major-bike-manufacturers-to-stop-making-and-selling-built-to-fail-bikes (link)
+[30]: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2021.785036/full (link)
+[31]: https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/overview-of-the-electricity-production-3/assessment (link)
+[32]: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/20/7817 (link)
+[33]: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212827122001214 (link)
+[34]: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921344919301090 (link)
+[35]: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/green-living-blog/2010/sep/23/carbon-footprint-new-car (link)
+[36]: https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/18/automobiles/as-cars-are-kept-longer-200000-is-new-100000.html?_r=2&ref=business&pagewanted=all& (link)
+[37]: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/6/1550 (link)
+[38]: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/131212/1/M%20Christensen%202015%20the%20unstable%20lives%20of%20bicycles%20ver2%20postprint.pdf (link)
+[39]: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/03611981221084692 (link)
+[40]: https://www.lulu.com/search?adult_audience_rating=00&contributor=Kris+De+Decker&page=1&pageSize=10&sortBy=PRODUCT_SALES_30_DAYS (link)
+[41]: https://krisdedecker.typepad.com/.a/6a00e0099229e8883302788070a5b5200d-pi (link)
+[42]: https://krisdedecker.typepad.com/.a/6a00e0099229e8883302788070a5b5200d-800wi (image)
+[43]: https://krisdedecker.typepad.com/.a/6a00e0099229e8883302b6852a8a55200d-pi (link)
+
diff --git a/saved_articles/against-enchantment-i-ken-wilber.txt b/saved_articles/against-enchantment-i-ken-wilber.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0dc36bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/saved_articles/against-enchantment-i-ken-wilber.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1879 @@
+Against Enchantment I
+https://www.ecosophia.net/against-enchantment-i-ken-wilber/
+
+
+---
+Summary: misundertanding evolutions makes some otherwise smart thinkers start from a flawed premise: that evolution, or life in general has a direction. That we are progressing toward something, that the past is stupider than the present, and so forth. this is an old pattern that today's amterialists are borrowing from yesterday's catholics who saw everything leading to the new jeruselum thing
+---
+
+The mistake in question?  A near-total misunderstanding of the nature of evolution.
+
+Let’s start with some basics. Evolution is a common property of systems. It depends on two factors present in almost every imaginable system.  The first is some means of generating free variation. The second is a selection procedure that sorts the variations in terms of how well they relate to some set of variables. No matter what the context, if you have those two things—a source of free variation and a selection procedure—you get evolution.
+
+Stephen Wolfram’s brilliant tome A New Kind of Science is among other things a demonstration of how evolution works. Wolfram, for those readers who haven’t encountered his ideas yet, is an archetypal computer geek who went to work many years ago exploring the properties of a set of very simple programs called cellular automata. What set Wolfram on his quest was the startling discovery that incredibly simple sets of rules can produce wildly unpredictable results if you just  let them run for a while. The rules that define cellular automata include variation and selection as basic features, and the results are often stunningly weird. As Wolfram points out, they trace out an exact parallel to the development of biological complexity over time.
+
+Given a source of variation and a selection procedure, systems always evolve in a manner that is easy to describe in general and impossible to predict in detail.  The overview is that they take up every opportunity available to them:  that’s the part that’s easy to describe. What’s impossible to predict is how and in what order they’ll do it. That’s true of cellular automata, and it’s also true of living things over time. Follow the evolutionary trajectory of any group of living things, from club moss to crocodiles to Galapagos finches to human beings, and you’ll see that same process at work.  Metaphorically, it’s as though you were inflating a big balloon inside a space too small to contain it:  the balloon pushes outwards in all directions, now here, now there, until it runs up against the hard limits of walls and floor and ceiling.
+
+Do evolutionary breakthroughs take place?  Of course, and the process just outlined explains how and why those happen. Imagine for a moment that you’ve got a balloon made of some absurdly flexible substance, so that it can just keep stretching no matter how big it gets.  You start inflating it inside your bedroom  The door’s closed, the windows are closed, pretty soon the balloon’s outer surface is pushing hard against the walls, the floor, the ceiling, and the furniture—but there’s an inch-wide gap under the door you forgot about.  Once the pressure gets high enough, the balloon pushes out through that gap, and all of a sudden it’s in the hallway and there’s a vast amount of previously inaccessible space for it to expand into.
+
+Whoosh! Before long it’s filling up the living room and pushing against half a dozen other doors and windows. If one of those happens to be open a little, another evolutionary breakthrough follows. It’s not a linear process, and many different lines of evolutionary development can—and did—unfold at the same time.
+
+That’s the story of life on Earth. The walls, floor, and ceiling are the laws of nature and the limits of environment, and the balloon represents the range of niches occupied by living things. Yes, I’m well aware that this isn’t how evolution is understood, or misunderstood, in popular culture.  It’s also not how Ken Wilber understands, or misunderstands, the evolutionary process. “Why on earth,” he writes, “would dirt get right up and eventually write poetry?” That’s an absurdly simplistic way of talking about evolution, of course; it wouldn’t be unfair to call it a straw man.  But it’s a typical way of dismissing the actual mechanism of evolution in order to insert something else in its place.
+
+The “something else,” in turn, is what philosophers call teleology: the insistence that evolution marches ahead in a straight line toward some predetermined goal. That’s the standard gimmick that people who don’t understand evolution use to insert their own notions of meaning and purpose into the development of life. It’s perfectly possible to reconcile evolution with spirituality—in terms of the metaphor set out above, who was it that built the house?  In more straightforwardly theological terms, an omniscient Creator wouldn’t have had the slightest difficulty selecting laws of nature and environmental constraints such that one of the many currents of evolution would go the way he wanted.  The problem with this, from the point of view of the teleologists, is that it doesn’t justify the claim that this or that human theorist knows in advance where the whole shebang is headed.
+
+That claim, of course, is central to Wilber’s theory.  The whole point of his intricate scheme of evolutionary stages is to justify the claim that humanity is evolving—or rather progressing—in a straight line from stage to stage toward bigger and better things, and he and his followers are in the vanguard of that process. On a smaller scale, he’s claiming that humanity is poised on the border between first-tier and second-tier stages of consciousness, and agreeing with him is a great way to cross over to the second tier and get on the winning side of evolution.
+
+That’s a familiar claim to anyone who knows their way around the history of ideas. As far as I know, it was first sketched out in rough draft by the medieval mystic Joachim of Flores, whose visions convinced him that around the year 1260 the Age of the Son would give way to the Age of the Holy Spirit, in which all the world would be ruled by love and freed from the burden of sin. He also earnestly told Richard the Lionheart, who stopped in to see him on the way to the Third Crusade, that Jerusalem would surely be recaptured by the Christian armies. Both predictions, of course, turned out to be wrong.
+
+From Joachim’s time straight through to the seventeenth century, predictions of that kind were inevitably wrapped in explicit religious language. Thereafter, just as Western intellectuals in every other field sedulously filed the serial numbers off all sorts of other Christian properties and got them fitted out in secular drag, would-be prophets got to work on the idea of an imminent transformation of consciousness and a teleological interpretation of human history. Karl Marx is the most famous of the lot, but there were hundreds if not thousands of others; for something like two and a half centuries, it was rare to find any intellectual in Europe or the European diaspora who didn’t at least toy with a teleological scheme of this kind.
+
+History shows that they were wrong, and not just a little wrong, either:  completely, utterly, humiliatingly wrong. It’s impossible to sugar-coat that unpalatable fact. Show me a teleological prophet who claimed history would inevitably march forward to better things he could define in advance, from Joachim of Flores through Charles Fourier to Charles Reich’s The Greening of America, and I’ll show you someone whose predictions turned out to be total flops. The fact that evolutionary breakthroughs do sometimes occur does not mean that they will show up on request, much less that such breakthroughs can be mapped out in a nice neat set of stages that invariably lets the speaker and those who share his or her political and cultural opinions portray themselves as heroic figures poised right there on the breaking wave of the future.
+
+The irony is that the problems with Wilber’s theory can be predicted very precisely from within Wilber’s theory itself. In one of his essays, Wilber critic Frank Visser has pointed out quite accurately that Wilber’s understanding of evolution is strictly speaking pre-Darwinian. He notes that the entire notion that evolution proceeds in fixed stages toward greater perfection is a reworking of the medieval concept of the Great Chain of Being, with living things mounting up the ladder of evolution toward its supposed pinnacle in humanity.
+
+[pegasus_versus_chimera_jpg-300x202][svg] This isn’t a scientific explanation either. Valid in its own context? Sure.
+
+Here we have passed into a territory rich in ironies. The linear notion of evolution just described is an emotionally appealing narrative that relies on ancient symbolism. It is, in fact, a myth in every sense of the word—and thus, in Wilber’s terms, an example of the mythical structure of consciousness, which we have supposedly transcended in favor of the formal operational thinking of the mental or rational structure of consciousness. In a very real sense, he’s guilty of the same Pre/ Trans Fallacy for which he lambastes those of us who practice magic and revere myths.  That is to say, he thinks he’s going on to a level of thinking that transcends rationality, but what he’s actually doing is explaining the world by way of an emotionally compelling narrative deriving its power from archetypal symbols of the mythic structure of consciousness.
+
+Yes, dear reader, I know.  You’re chuckling at the sight of a druid who invokes pagan deities and practices ritual magic criticizing Ken Wilber for not being rational enough. The laugh’s far from inappropriate, and it reflects another irony, one that’s become very familiar to me since I started blogging. From my perspective, the narrative structures of mythic thought aren’t a stage to be outgrown, they’re healthy and necessary elements of all human consciousness, just as much so as the discursive structures of rational thought. Give the mythic structure its proper place and it’s easy to keep it in that proper place. Try to insist that you’ve outgrown myth, as Wilber does, and you can count on having it sneak up behind you so and playing merry hob with your oh-so-rational ideas, inserting mythic narratives into those ideas when you’re not looking.
+
+Or, rather, inserting one mythic narrative over and over again. The great problem with the myth of progress, as I’ve noted before, is not that it’s a myth. The problem with the myth of progress is that many of the people who believe in it literally can’t use any other story to think with. Every pattern of events thus ends up getting forced into the straitjacket of the progress myth, and when it doesn’t fit—and it often doesn’t—that leads to cascading failures of understanding and action.
+
+There is no monomyth. (Sorry about that, Joseph Campbell.) It’s precisely because no one story makes sense of everything that traditional societies had so many myths, each with its own lesson to teach and its own applicability to the events of everyday life. It’s precisely because our culture has become obsessed with a single story, in turn, that we’re in our current mess. Eventually, as this sequence of posts continues, we’ll be exploring alternative narratives—but first, by way of two other important thinkers, we need to plunge even deeper into the central myth of modern industrial culture.
+
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+
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+
+disenchantment enchantment history ken wilber philosophy
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+
+187 Comments
+
+ 1. [e19fa1a4][svg] Richard Abbot says: January 18, 2023 at 12:50 pm
+
+    A much needed critique of the massive, gaping holes in Wilber’s theory.
+
+ 2. [8978755e][svg] Clarke aka Gwydion says: January 18, 2023 at 1:23 pm
+
+    I worked at one time for one of Wilber’s publishers. He breezed through the offices (quite small) one day for a meeting with him. Every bit the celebrity intellectual even then (early ’90s). The office was abuzz with excitement.
+
+    I had inexpensive access to anything by the publisher, and dipped into some of these works but they reminded me of the sermons given by various non-believing officials of the various denominations who nonetheless have to keep the pew-mushrooms well watered in order to keep their prestigious positions and get (well) paid for them.
+
+    They say religious-sounding things that just don’t make any sense when examined in even the most cursory manner. And that, assuming that the religion itself has its own “operating system” of reasons and beliefs that are reasonably consistent. They usually do. But these people don’t understand (or are adamantly opposed to) the internal program. The result being rather like the “tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury and signifying nothing” that Shakespeare inveighed against in one of his more famous monologues in Macbeth.
+
+    I never once imagined that you, sir, were anti-rational. Nor are you. Your discussion here makes good sense to me. Ah, teleology. Worth a post all on its own about the meaning and “direction” of things and how easy it is to (to quote WF Buckley) “immanentize the eschaton.” Or, as I understand it, to make categorical mistakes.
+
+    Needless to say, Mr. Wilber’s brand of thought never took hold with me… Thanks for helping me understand why.
+
+ 3. [1b7ef815][svg] Coop Janitor says: January 18, 2023 at 1:27 pm
+
+    Well, I did find ‘A New Science’ much easier to unpack than ‘The Cosmic Doctrine’. 🙂
+
+    Coop Janitor
+
+ 4. [96a2fa2f][svg] Ecosophy Enjoyer says: January 18, 2023 at 1:34 pm
+
+    Great post. You made some great points, especially the part about how being a rationalist means that myths sneak in through the backdoor. However, there was the part where you talked about how Marx and others, enraptured with the myth of progress, tried to predict a utopian future and failed. Does this argument apply to you? I understand that you believe in a long descent (and I believe in it too) and that the future is a long stretch of decline until we reach a deindustrial society (and maybe an ecotechnic one in the future) While your predictions aren’t utopian or apocalyptic by any stretch, could you be another failed prophet? I hope you aren’t!
+
+    By the way, I’m a great fan of your books. I am trying to study the hermetic kabbalah and I am using your book to help. I am very interested in ecology, sustainability, the deindustrial future, and the occult, and when I stumbled on your books it was really amazing because you put down my thoughts in better writing than I could. I thought I was the only aspie with these niche interests.
+
+ 5. [ac0e85ff][svg] jim says: January 18, 2023 at 1:49 pm
+
+    So JMG if I understand you correctly you are saying we need:
+
+    To bring the One Myth That Rules Us All back to Mordor and and toss it back into the fiery heart that made it?
+
+    A hero’s journey to destroy “A Hero’s Journey” and set all of the other Myths free??
+
+    I think i am up for that. LOL
+
+ 6. [7dde6d28][svg] Marko says: January 18, 2023 at 1:54 pm
+
+    “Yes, dear reader, I know. You’re chuckling at the sight of a druid who invokes pagan deities and practices ritual magic criticizing Ken Wilber for not being rational enough.”
+
+    Yes, yes, I am. 🙂
+
+    Recently I have been spending my commuting hours pondering some ideas I got from you.  One of those is the impression I got from the first AR posts I read all those years ago.  – this was a man who could write as an intellectual and academic, but somehow ‘sounded’ so down to earth – You were intriguing.
+
+    Then there is the idea that I got here. Where you argue, that amputating a part of your self is not a way to personal development.  So, humans think in myths, one does not become more rational, by discarding myth, but by integrating that normal human capacity and developing the rationality in parallel. You need all your human capacities.  And then there is a statement, that you made here last time. That occultists do not say the materialist are wrong, just that their explanation of the world we live in is hopelessly inadequate. 😊
+
+    A fine post, Chears.
+
+ 7. [369cc966][svg] Jeanne says: January 18, 2023 at 1:56 pm
+
+    I can recall reading one of Ken Wilber’s writings a long time ago, but it was such a tough slog that while I finished it, I can’t recall what he wrote. It might have been the Spectrum of Consciousness but since I can’t find it on my bookshelves, it likely went to the local library book sale.
+
+    The concept of pre-destination and the urge to discard enchantment as somehow moldy and outdated, keeps surfacing in varied disguises probably because it seems to explain the ‘progress’ of everything and how wonderful everything will eventually be. It always seems to favor the believer and his followers personally in some way, all the way from Joachim’s visions to the current ballyhoo about the Singularity. Ego and the desire to justify oneself seems to be the issue behind a lot of this, and probably why people can’t let go of this idea but keep resurrecting it in infinite ways.
+
+    Just as a side note, many of Joe Campbell’s books, particularly The Hero with a thousand faces and The Masks of God are gone from my shelves as well. I reread them recently and found them dated and not even really interesting.
+
+ 8. [a29e3952][svg] Chris Smith says: January 18, 2023 at 2:03 pm
+
+    JMG:
+
+    Now there is a synchronicity: I was going to ask you a question about Ken Wilbur on Magic Monday but forgot to, and now I get a whole essay on the topic. Nice!
+
+    I was wrestling with Gebser a couple of years ago, and came to the conclusion that what he describes as the mythic stage is humankind’s real mental home. We need stories to make sense of our experiences. Those range from ancient stories about gods to the American Dream (you have to be asleep to believe it).
+
+    This also got me thinking about Gebser’s rational and magical structures. I decided to look at this another way also: liquid and critical. The critical is like the rational as it allows us to take apart our myths when they start failing to inform us. Importantly, the critical can critique, but it cannot create. The liquid is that mode of consciousness which is a churn of one idea after another. It gives us new ideas and new stories to tell, we can shape those into new myths to replace the old ones that fall to the critical, just as the new ones we tell will eventually fall to the critical. No straight lines, just a cyclical process that you can never be sure where it will take you.
+
+    This was the line of thought I started to develop, and am continuing to develop. I look forward to your take on Gebser in future installments.
+
+ 9. [d4129308][svg] Fra' Lupo says: January 18, 2023 at 2:03 pm
+
+    Universal Darwinism, the trace of Primordial Reason (Logos) in the manifested world…destination unknown.
+
+    That there is no monomyth is one of my issues with the idea of some kind of “perennial philosphy.” It’s no obvious to me that all religions and myth are reducible to some single set of universal meanings, but rather represent a panoply of lessons, some of which will necessarily be incongruous.
+
+10. [a93b6043][svg] youngelephant says: January 18, 2023 at 2:06 pm
+
+    Hi JMG,
+
+    Your essay ties into a theme I’m in the fairly early stages of pursuing; the idea that humans didn’t used to have a sense of self as we know it now and were instead driven directly by the mythic. I was hinted at by an online acquaintance that the sense of self started around in Greek times and developed from there. I bought a couple books including The Evolution of Individuality by Leo W. Buss that will hopefully enlighten me further. I basically understood this on the basis of intuitive imaginings at this point. But on that same basis, it seems like much of humanity, at the level of the persona or sense of self, is driven by the mythological again (myth of progress) due to our age of rapid information. That’s where you get all of these people whose personalities are built on Covid, Trendy politics, activism, TikTok, and social media. There isn’t much individual cognition going on with these people. It seems like a degenerate return to the mythological to me. I’m still very much in the early phases of thinking about all of this so hopefully this makes sense.
+
+    Have a good one.
+
+11. [a6b19930][svg] Ben says: January 18, 2023 at 2:15 pm
+
+    @ JMG – Do you think the modern trend of fixating on one narrative springs from the Faustian underpinnings of industrial civilization, or might it be the case in all ‘mature’ civilizations?
+
+12. [5d817080][svg] Aloysius says: January 18, 2023 at 2:18 pm
+
+    “Everything that irritates us about others can lead us to an understanding of ourselves.” -Carl Jung
+
+    I’m struggling with this at the moment when it comes to Branch Covidianism. It’s easy to feel intellectually superior to the cult members but then why do they get under my skin so much? Part of it is that in my imagination I know where this is going when I really don’t, but I like to believe I do because it serves vanity. If I can make accurate predictions about the future then when everyone finally catches up to me I will be a hero for figuring it out first. There’s a reason why RFKjr says that he never makes predictions, and it’s not a cop out. He’s come to the realization that it’s the only rational way to approach a complex system at a time of extreme instability.
+
+13. [df2b687f][svg] Mokuren the Quiet says: January 18, 2023 at 2:20 pm
+
+    Having been quite the Wilberian back in the day, this summary provoked some thoughts (oh dear.) One way my thinking has changed since then is that I find the modern notion of progress a little wrong because our notion of time itself is wrong. The universe (which a Baptist friend calls “the Creation” and I approve) can be thought of as a simultaneity in which time isn’t a line, or even a cycle, but is somehow homogeneous throughout. For me, that still allows for some kind of teleology. Using the balloon metaphor, if the extension into the mud room happens to pinch off and deflate, it isn’t as though it never existed. It’s _there_ even when this planet’s experiment ends.
+
+    BTW, I attended a week-long Integral Institute program in the 90s, and they were actually rather enchanted with enchantment. One of the experiential events began with ritual and ended with a rave – the only one this old person ever participated in!
+
+14. [57b9d7ab][svg] Justin Patrick Moore says: January 18, 2023 at 2:31 pm
+
+    Rudy Rucker is friends with Wolfram. He’s a big proponent of the cellular automata program among other things. Here is a blog from a few years ago on Rudy’s site talking about some of his connections to Wolfram. They are both mathematicians, so it makes sense.
+
+    If nothing else the post is worth scrolling down to check out the picture Rudy took of the statue of Pythagoras at the Rosicrucian World Headquarters, in his town of San Jose. It’s an awesome statue!
+
+    https://www.rudyrucker.com/blog/2020/04/22/the-wolfram-physics-project/
+
+    One thing I find ironic in looking at Rucker’s blog, is how he talks about here is Wolfram working on a Fundamental Theory of Physics. That got me thinking of Wilber and his Theory of Everything. You pointed out the monomyth of Campbell, and that got me wondering what the obsession is with the monad, with one book, or one theory, or one path, etc. It seems to me, at least on a gut level, that this obsession with the one thing, whatever that one thing is, contributes to this sense that the world has been disenchanted even if it has not.
+
+    Instead of a unified theory what if we had diversified theories? What if instead of simplex we went to multiplex communications?
+
+    Anyway, I also think it is ironic in my contemplation of one and the uni today that I did my meditation on the Sphere and the Universe this morning. But universe, university, uniform, unicycle, still seem different in context from all the monotalk. Similar but different maybe.
+
+    Anyway, I shouldn’t rail too much because I know I can be a monomaniac about certain subjects.  Just some fuzzy thoughts drifting in the afternoon.
+
+15. [07aff4a3][svg] wqjcv says: January 18, 2023 at 2:48 pm
+
+    Plan A: Mysticism Fail plan A.  Plan B: Philosophy Unknowingly achieve plan A.
+
+    When the material world, scientifically described, is not meaningful enough for you, it is healthy to seek out what science cannot provide.
+
+16. [3083db6c][svg] Goldenhawk says: January 18, 2023 at 2:52 pm
+
+    Superb writing as usual. The gap under the door is a brilliant metaphor.
+
+    It seems as if Wilber misread Jung, or should I say, came to a different understanding of him than the one I have arrived at, and which keeps changing.
+
+    “The further in you go, the bigger it gets.” John Crowley, Little, Big
+
+    “There is no linear evolution. There is only circumambulation of the Self.” Carl Jung
+
+17. [73e7dedf][svg] Janet Kane says: January 18, 2023 at 3:19 pm
+
+    This is an excellent post. It explains to me why I detest Wilber’s ideas. Thank you and I look forward to your future posts on this subject.
+
+18. [9d76cde5][svg] disc_writes says: January 18, 2023 at 3:39 pm
+
+    @JMG,
+
+    I guess the various 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 etc. industrial revolutions prophetized by the WEF are other examples of the “Great Chain of Being”?
+
+    “This isn’t a scientific explanation either. Valid in it’s own context? Sure.”
+
+    Shame on you for the its/it’s mistake!
+
+19. [9f41bd3c][svg] Brunette Gardens says: January 18, 2023 at 3:44 pm
+
+    I’ve been mulling over the various ways in which modern tech constitutes devolution rather than evolution, in effect making us, well, stupider. As one example: We’ve universally abandoned paper (or parchment, or animal skin) maps in favor of smart-phone GPS. I’ve written about this here: https://www.brunettegardens.com/p/atlas-shrugged-off
+
+    As I point out in the piece, the tradeoff doesn’t go in our favor, as we effectively lose more than we gain in terms of our own skills, independence, and awareness. But this essay on Wilbur as well as your last has got me thinking beyond the tech-evolution question to extend the question into the mythic and spiritual realm. While the act of navigating by map connects us to our ancestors, might maps themselves possess mythic power? Have you written anything about this, JMG, or commentariat, what are your thoughts? If I think about the Lord of the Rings and its map and other examples from our literature, the answer is yes. And if that is true, we are losing much more than map-reading skills and a cultivated sense of direction in our shift to voice-assisted GPS.
+
+20. [8b38616d][svg] Bruce Turton says: January 18, 2023 at 3:53 pm
+
+    Very fine read. Thanks. Following your train of thought, I first came up with the evolutionary myth you then pictured, and then Kubler-Ross stages of grief. Having just finished James C.  Scott’s book Against the Grain, I was reminded also that so-called human political “progress” is not at all assured at any point in human history, and especially so now and into the future I shall not be part of, but many more will have to endure.
+
+21. [5da00a01][svg] kulibali says: January 18, 2023 at 4:03 pm
+
+    You may be interested by Wolfram’s current work (https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/ finally-we-may-have-a-path-to-the-fundamental-theory-of-physics-and-its-beautiful/), which is not so much one theory of everything, as a description of how many systems of rules can exist and evolve, of which our consciousness picks a preferred view. His various levels of reality — from normal space to “branchial” space to “rulial” space remind me of the esoteric material, etheric, astral, mental, causal etc. planes.
+
+22. [1b46c2e2][svg] John Michael Greer says: January 18, 2023 at 4:10 pm
+
+    Richard, nah, I just addressed just one hole. There are plenty of others — nor could it be any other way. No one person can possibly have an adequate grasp of the whole sweep of human knowledge Wilber tries to summarize, so cherrypicking and a reliance on inadequate summaries by other writers are both inevitable flaws in any such project. If I recall correctly, Dante Alighieri was the last person in the history of the West who was able to know everything that was known by scholars in his time; by the time the next great mind, Petrarch, came along, it was already necessary to specialize…
+
+    Clarke, many thanks for the story! Yeah, Wilber sounds very much like some Modernist Christian thinkers, trying to use the jargon and symbolism of Christianity to talk about a set of beliefs utterly incompatible with Christian faith. Most attempts to unite mysticism and rationality in a single system of thought fall into that trap.
+
+    Coop Janitor, agreed! One of the reasons I appreciate Wolfram’s work is that he was able to communicate what he was doing, and what he found, in language that makes sense to someone like me, who doesn’t have his background in computers and mathematics.
+
+    Enjoyer, nah, it’s specifically the prophets of utopian futures and those of sudden apocalyptic collapses who are reliably wrong. Those who predict that the future will follow the same lines as the past are very often right. I’ve noted in previous posts that Oswald Spengler successfully predicted a whole range of social and political phenomena — the collapse of traditional Western fine art and classical music, the first two rounds of conflict between plutocratic interests and charismatic populist demagogues, the relative decline of Europe’s position in the world, and more. I may well be wrong about plenty of details, but the overall picture? We’re already in decline, and the decline has accelerated considerably in recent years; so far, I think I’m doing pretty well. (As for aspies with niche interests, not at all — you’d be amazed by the number of people with Aspergers syndrome I’ve met in the occult scene, and in the fringe-ier end of the sustainability scene.)
+
+    Jim, funny. No, we need many quests in many different directions, because each myth has to be reawakened in a different way.
+
+    Marko, you’re welcome and thank you. Yes, we’re going to be revisiting those ideas in quite some detail as we proceed.
+
+    Jeanne, exactly! It’s all an attempt to prop up the ego by insisting that everyone else’s myths are false while the one approved myth isn’t a myth at all, it’s just plain true. That shows an embarrassing degree of naiveté about myth, but unfortunately that sort of thing’s very common these days. As for Campbell — well, yes. I’m not a fan either.
+
+    Chris S, I would argue that all of Gebser’s structures of consciousness are essential modes of human activity; each of them has been developed to different degrees in various cultures, and it’s usually the ones that are neglected that turn into the Achilles’ heel of each culture. We cannot do without myth, but we also cannot do without magic, or practical reason, or any of the other modes I’ll be discussing as we proceed. Your distinction between liquid and critical modes of mentality is intriguing, and I’ll want to reflect on it.
+
+    Fra’ Lupo, good! That’s my problem with the Perennialist position — it’s just as rigid and inappropriate a flattening-out of the world as the Progressivist position, it just chooses a different straitjacket into which to force the rich diversity of human thought.
+
+    Youngelephant, that’s a common idea these days; Wilber gets into that, as do many of the other people we’ll be discussing. I tend to take a more complex view — that the sense of self varies quite a bit from one culture to another, and that there’s also a particular historical pattern that unfolds over the life of a complex society and affects the sense of self in that society in predictable ways. But we’ll get to that as this discussion proceeds.
+
+    Ben, I think it’s a standard feature of the late imperial stage of the history of complex cultures. I can certainly think of comparable narratives in past examples.
+
+    Aloysius, good. Struggling with it is essential — that’s the confrontation with the Shadow you’re engaged in, and that always takes the form of a struggle.
+
+    Mokuren, even if you accept the objective reality of time — which I don’t; Kant and Schopenhauer make a convincing case, at least to me, that time and space are both properties of human consciousness rather than properties of the world experienced by human consciousness — the notion that something is disproved just because it’s over strikes me as silly. Does a glorious love affair stop existing and become meaningless just because it ends? Of course not. The problem with the teleologists is that they’ve got an astoundingly narrow view of evolution as a race with a finish line, and all that counts is getting to the end. I’ll be discussing that, too, as we proceed.
+
+    Justin, thanks for this! I read some of Rucker’s science fiction back in the day. As for universal theories, that’s another common theme of late imperial societies — the attempt to reduce the entire universe to obedience can take many forms, and theorization is one of them. Me, I assume as a matter of course that no human being is smart enough to understand the universe, and all our theories are art rather than knowledge — but some of them are very elegant art.
+
+    Wqjcv, nah, the way it usually works is:
+
+    Plan A: Mysticism Drop out of plan A because it’s too much work.  Plan B: Philosophy Achieve plan A in a roundabout and even more difficult way.
+
+    Goldenhawk, I see Wilber’s interpretation of Jung as essential to his entire theory. Accept Jung’s viewpoint and, as your last quote shows, the entire notion of teleological progress comes crashing down; there is no second tier thinking, no wonderful future to which you get to lead the way, just the ongoing process by which our species unfolds all its potentials for experiencing the world, each of which is irreducibly different and none of which has any goal outside itself.
+
+    Janet, you’re welcome and thank you.
+
+    Disc_writes, yes, exactly. They’ve got to have their rigidly defined linear sequence of “revolutions,” each of which just happens to hand them even more power and wealth. Such delusions are tolerably common among the ruling elites of a dying civilization.
+
+    Brunette, hmm! Thank you for this. That’s an excellent point — and your reference to Tolkien’s map is spot on; I remember how potent a talisman that was for me in my youth. I wonder how difficult it would be to revive the art of cartography…
+
+    Bruce, good. Very good. Kubler-Ross’s sequence of stages is a fine call, because in the real world grief has its own complex rhythms and doesn’t go through a neat series of stages like that.
+
+    Kulibali, thanks for this. I’d read references to that, but haven’t gotten into it in detail, since it’s going to require a couple weeks of free time when I can plunge into Wolfram’s ideas intensively. It’ll be worth doing sometime soon, though.
+
+23. [6365af1e][svg] Katherine Halton says: January 18, 2023 at 4:11 pm
+
+    A lot of this is really interesting to me. Over 40 years ago (yes, I am an old lady) I entered a PhD program in history and focused on the ideas about the development of individualism and it’s connection to the rise of the Protestant movement, etc. There was a book that I read that interested me at the time, by Keith Thomas, a British historian, called Religion and the Decline of Magic. He argued that magic was when people expected forces that they couldn’t see to intervene directly in their daily lives. Religion was an idea that the forces we can’t see don’t intervene directly, but still influence our lives. I don’t think I’m saying that right, but anyway, I don’t think that interpretation makes sense at all when you look at history.
+
+    I’m glad you are writing about the idea of “progress” and this whole idea that things are getting better and better and that we will overcome problems with more complex systems and science. I think it’s the myth that lies behind the hegemonic attitude of our culture that sees other cultures and countries “less developed” because they are different than Western post-industrial society. It’s an idea that justifies war and other forms of dominance. That’s why I really loved your discussion in that book “Mystery Teachings from the LIving Earth” (which I go back to reading about once a year) of evolution as a response to changing environment.
+
+    Thanks for writing these essays. I look forward to reading them every week. (And I’m thankful I dropped out of graduate school too)
+
+    Kathy
+
+24. [969e5a7f][svg] Daniel says: January 18, 2023 at 4:12 pm
+
+    Dear JMG,
+
+    Glad I kept my hands in the car. Not knowing Wilber that was a wild ride but I made it to the end.
+
+    What role might alternate historical fiction play in offering different stories and ways of thinking in our progress mad society?
+
+    Historiography sometimes seems as much about protecting the genealogy of the latest ruling ideas as about trying to account for new information.
+
+    So there is a big grey area between myth, stories and historical research.
+
+    Thank you.
+
+25. [773c8a48][svg] David, by the lake says: January 18, 2023 at 4:17 pm
+
+    John–
+
+    Is rationality then simply another mythic structure among the others, satisfying a particular set of emotional needs and useful for a specific set of concerns?
+
+26. [7b4c41ca][svg] Dana says: January 18, 2023 at 4:25 pm
+
+    Hi JMG and all – Since others here have brought up Jung, and the concept of self, I’d like to ask if you could give your opinion on Jung’s idea of Individuation, maybe in a post sometime. I haven’t seen a real good, pithy explanation of the concept (if there is one). Also, I would like to say that Wilbur’s spiral schematic reminds me of a staff with a snake winding round, Mercury perhaps? There is a reference to myth for you.
+
+27. [f6338b38][svg] Jeff Russell says: January 18, 2023 at 4:33 pm
+
+    Thanks very much for the “balloon filling a space” metaphor. It really helps with some concepts that the “adaptive landscape” metaphor makes less explicit, and more importantly, has helped me start to square some of the questions I’ve had about “why isn’t the kind of spiritual evolution discussed in books like the Cosmic Doctrine the same thing as spiritual progress?” Having grown up as steeped in the myth of Progress as most Americans, it’ll take more thought and meditation for me to really grok it, of course, but I think this has been a helpful step.
+
+    Cheers, Jeff
+
+28. [91203f59][svg] Luke Dodson says: January 18, 2023 at 4:39 pm
+
+    Thank you for this brilliant piece, JMG. I first encountered Ken Wilber over ten years ago, while studying a module on contemporary mysticism taught by a wonderful fellow named Leon Schlamm, a respected Jungian scholar who has since left this incarnation. I remember being amused when he told me privately that, for all the faults of Rene Guenon and the Traditionalists, he thought they were still quite sensible compared to Ken Wilber, whom he referred to as “really nuts”!
+
+    Wilber’s system reminds me a little bit of a notorious RPG system that was floating around the internet in the late 90s/2000s called HYBRID, which was the result of one (probably quite disturbed) young man’s attempts at unifying all aspects of reality and all works of fiction into one gaming system. Arguably, HYBRID was about as successful as Wilber’s Integral Philosophy. 😉
+
+    One quick off-topic announcement, if I may: I recorded a podcast with our own Kimberley Steele, which is now online, in which we discussed the demonic-hypothesis in relation to Covid-19 and other contemporary phenomena. Listen here: https://flintandsteel.substack.com/p/ dodcast-38-kimberley-steele#details
+
+29. [cb131ca3][svg] SLClaire says: January 18, 2023 at 4:41 pm
+
+    Your post reminded me that I hadn’t read Wolfram’s book yet and that it has been one I’ve been meaning to read. So I visited our public library’s website to reserve a copy. Recently the St.  Louis City and St. Louis County public libraries adopted a unified catalog, the largest such in the state of Missouri. It doesn’t surprise me in the context of your post and ongoing comments from librarians that the combined systems don’t own a single copy of Wolfram’s book while several of Wilber’s books are available. Fortunately it was easy to order a decent used copy of Wolfram’s book to add to my personal library.
+
+    For anyone looking for paper road maps: Rand McNally still carries them. (https:// store.randmcnally.com/road-maps) I love maps of all kinds. We keep four road maps in the car for use in driving around the local area (two county level maps plus MO and IL state road maps) and have a large collection of road maps for every state and every major city or county that my husband and I have driven in during the 34 years of our marriage. I have a flip phone and his smart phone doesn’t have its own wireless connection – much cheaper that way – so paper road maps continue to be our go-to navigation system.
+
+30. [169d30c3][svg] Kyle says: January 18, 2023 at 4:47 pm
+
+    I’ve gotten a lot of acreage out of Wolfram’s book. Wilber purports to know the direction humanity is heading. But even with simple cellular automata, consisting of two or three beginning colors and maybe a half-dozen rules, no computer can predict what it will look like (or even what category it may fall into) without just letting it run.
+
+    To claim to know more than the rough outline of a fart about humanity seems dubious. I wondered if even the Creator could know. Would He be more akin to a physicist who sets up a neat-o cellular automata and lets it play out to see what happens? Predicting the evolution of the system from within the system seems fraught with failure for Mr. Wilber.
+
+    If you’ll indulge me a personal link, I wrote an of essay not too long ago about how insights from Wolfram’s work have gone on to influence how I outline (or rather, don’t outline) my fiction. The short of it is, like with cellular automata, I set up what I think will be simple yet interesting starting conditions, then let them take off. Each time I reapproach the work, I take into account what’s happened before, and let those conditions carry their momentum through.  It reliably results in surprising plot turns I couldn’t have come up with, but that I prefer to what I had in mind. https://ancientseakings.com/ the-wolfram-method-an-organic-alternative-to-outlines/
+
+31. [8486ffc8][svg] JVP says: January 18, 2023 at 4:52 pm
+
+    I never read Piaget, but if I remember a tiny bit from Lawrence Kohlberg, movement to a next (moral) stage was supposed to be precipitated when one’s “present stage” did not provide the resources, so to speak, to deal with a crucial type of challenge. Bolt on some Piaget and you get his account of moral stages, although I suspect they more accurately correspond to stages of ability in rationalization. Wasn’t there the result that convicted criminals tested higher than the general population in terms of apparent moral stage?
+
+    The language seems evocative. Both “finding resources” and “opportunistic rationalization” speak to me of *adaptive strategy*.
+
+    As for Wilbur, I have long assumed he would fade into obscurity like some early-1800’s divine.  Snark here: In the late 1980s I sensed that some published interviews with him were entirely self-written.
+
+32. [b494dfa2][svg] Chris at Fernglade Farm says: January 18, 2023 at 4:53 pm
+
+    Hi John Michael,
+
+    Dunno about you, but I’ve never ever met a rational person. They’re a myth. 😉
+
+    Candidly, my brain is probably not good enough to comprehend Mr Wilber’s concepts. And dare I point to dinosaur fossils? 65 million years ago, that lot may have believed that they were the boss too. Didn’t work out so well.
+
+    The first photo of the once robust Mr Wilber was quite interesting. I tell you a funny related side story, only it’s not funny, but more odd than anything else. My grandfather feared retirement. Everyone has a fear, and that was his. He’d been an important person, and had a big turn out for his funeral. Anyway, I watched him will himself to his conclusion, rather than face the inevitable slow ragged experience of decline. It ain’t so bad that decline thing, but fear does funny things to a persons mind. It kinda looks to me like we’re attempting a similar feat on a civilisational level. Makes you wonder what Mr Wilber feared most, doesn’t it?
+
+    Cheers
+
+    Chris
+
+33. [c500c6ea][svg] Quin says: January 18, 2023 at 4:56 pm
+
+    To those who are interested, here are all of the requests for prayer that have recently appeared across the Ecosophia community. Please feel free to add any or all of them to your prayers.
+
+    ***I’d like to highlight the today’s brain surgery of an anonymous 2 year old boy and the surgery on 1/19 of SP in Connecticut, who is going to have a (hopefully) benign growth removed from her gastrointestinal tract.*** I hope you will consider sparing them a bit of your good vibes or prayer even if you are don’t intend to visit the main prayer list.
+
+    If I missed anybody on the full list, or if you would like to add a prayer request for yourself or anyone who has given you consent (or for whom you hold power of consent) to the list, please feel free to leave a comment below and/or at the prayer list page.
+
+    Finally, if there are any among you who might wish to join me in a bit of astrological timing, I pray each week for the health of all those with health problems on the list on the astrological Hour of the Sun on Sundays, bearing in mind the Sun’s rulerships of heart, brain, and vital energies. If this appeals to you, I invite you to join me.
+
+34. [3fa5d7fd][svg] True Thomas says: January 18, 2023 at 5:02 pm
+
+    Mostly I agree.
+
+    Years ago I read a good bit of Ken Wilber, but put it aside when the problems I saw with his structure started exceeding what I saw as its good points. I liked the idea that human cultures tended to go through certain stages, with each succeeding stage a reaction to the failures of the preceding stage but benefiting from its successes. I also saw the logic in alternation of stages between between having a community slant and having a more individualist slant. And I liked the idea that at some point the culture gets too far away from its roots at the earlier stages and needs to revisit them, but without throwing away all that it gained in the climb so far. The details would differ between different cultures but the basic system dynamics would be similar. I think he based this mostly on Spiral Dynamics/Clare Graves, though he tried to tie it to every thinker who had ever proposed a theory of human development stages.
+
+    I don’t remember Wilber saying that stages could ever be skipped, individually or by a culture.  The fact that others around you had already made a path before you would make it easier but I think the lessons of each stage need to be learned to build the foundation of the next one.
+
+    Wilber’s idea that people had to abandon, or even could/should abandon basic human things like animism seemed likely to run aground on the reality of what Jung called the collective unconscious. What you push into the Shadow doesn’t go away and will likely come back to haunt you, or worse.
+
+    As for the teleology aspect, I could be wrong but I don’t think Wilber sees the stages as in any way preordained and planned. I’m not sure what he would say to the idea of major forks to very different succeeding stages. From an evolutionary standpoint it certainly happens a lot. And some paths, maybe most lead to dead ends, sooner or later. We can’t rerun evolution so it’s easy to mistake the way things went for the only way that was possible. But parallel evolution (a kind of rerun) also happens which can look like teleology. Maybe the stages could in that sense be more or less fixed.
+
+    It’s analogous to finding your way across an unknown territory without seeing exactly where you want to go or how to go. You start from where you are and go a way that is possible to a new place and repeat. If you find a hospitable place you stay a while. When that stops working you go again. Not all paths are easy or possible and not all places are hospitable or accessible.  Depending on the landscape the way forward and the good stopping places may be quite limited. So different people may have to go the same or a similar way. If they try a new fork it could be better or worse. Most new ways don’t pan out. You never know until you try.
+
+    My apologies if I have misinterpreted or misremembered Wilber. It’s been a long time and I don’t claim to be an expert.
+
+35. [ac0e85ff][svg] jim says: January 18, 2023 at 5:07 pm
+
+    Of course! not a single story!
+
+    But maybe an anthology with “a hero’s journey to dethrone THE HERO’S JOURNEY” being one of the stories.
+
+    And other mythical structures getting a stories of their own.
+
+    You could even have “missing” chapters to remind the reader that the myths in the anthology are not all the myths.
+
+36. [f17d50e9][svg] gregsimay says: January 18, 2023 at 5:26 pm
+
+    Hi John, I’ve come to believe that the simpler, the more elegant, and the more explanatory a principle is, the more surprising are its various results and the more challenging it is to apply the principle to complex problems. (Any physics or engineering student who made it past the greatly simplified applications of Newton’s Laws of Motion knows this all too well.) Ditto for the two core principles of evolution you had mentioned, Wolfram’s work, etc. So even if we did have “one principle to rule them all,” we’d have a devil of a time applying it to situations that don’t admit of simplifying assumptions, or have a slew of initial conditions. What tyrants do is try to shrink and simplify the human being until it can fit into their pet system or ideology–but that very attempt at total control has surprises of its own in store for the would-be controllers.
+
+37. [46591b9d][svg] Tidlösa says: January 18, 2023 at 5:27 pm
+
+    Wilber actually says somewhere that his entire system is a myth he offers his followers (yes, really), but it´s tucked away in some inaccesible part of his writings, like page 500 in a 800-page book, that kind of thing. And he seems to forget it himself most of the time! His “real” position thus seems to be that the evolutionary spirit will never really break out of nirvana, only the modernized form of Vajrayana Buddhism he semi-secretely pushes can accomplish that.
+
+    Wilber makes caveats like this in another discussion too, I think with Jungians. He admits that the evolutionary process can fail, and that there are many different lines of evolution, some of them descending as it were. Thus, it´s very difficult to prove Wilber “wrong” on anything, since he is so flexible and elastic! But in the wrong way, since I agree with you that his really-real position probably is the evolutionary one (i.e. teleological evolution). Sorry for not having any sources on the above, but the Wilberian corpus is yuge!
+
+    Wilber got in trouble when Trump won the 2016 elections, and had to come up with another epicycle to explan it. I write about it here:
+
+    https://ashtarbookblog.blogspot.com/2018/09/lost-in-post-clinton-world.html
+
+    But sure, since Biden defeated Trump in 2020, I suppose cosmic evolution has resumed its standard course, LOL.
+
+    For the record, I think Wilber is a very smart man, but I just don´t think one person (or any group of persons) can really construct a “theory of everything”…
+
+38. [0c46c735][svg] Troy Jones (@troyjonesiii) says: January 18, 2023 at 5:29 pm
+
+    Wilber’s pre-Darwinian concept of evolution is what I like to call the Pokémon model of evolution.
+
+    For people not up on children’s popular culture of 10-20 years ago, Pokémon is a popular IP consisting of a cartoon show, card game, and other media that portrays people enslaving small, adorable, intelligent monsters and forcing them to fight other such monsters in gladiatorial combat. If you treat your monster right– feed it the right candy and whatever– it will “evolve” into something more powerful. For example, your small orange lizard can suddenly “evolve” into a mighty dragon. That’s not how evolution is supposed to work, of course, but that teleological perspective of evolution having a clear end goal that it’s working toward linearly is how a surprisingly large number of people seem to think evolution works.
+
+    I had not thought about it being a medieval (or older) myth with the serial numbers filed off. I guess that makes more sense than Wilber getting his ideas from a children’s cartoon show though haha.
+
+39. [228dab3b][svg] wilnav says: January 18, 2023 at 5:58 pm
+
+    > In more straightforwardly theological terms, an omniscient Creator wouldn’t have had the slightest difficulty selecting laws of nature and environmental constraints such that one of the many currents of evolution would go the way he wanted.
+
+    Good day Michael,
+
+    I love the work you do and especially diving into the deep end with enchantment. I would like to add and critque the point you made in “against-enchantment-i-ken-wilber”. First a question who’s god/God, since the word begins with a capital “C” (Creator)? I will assume the judeao/christian God. Another attribute of that God is omnipotence.
+
+    Several questions arise immediately to my mind. Was there a beginning? Seems if there was it is something like “turtles all the way down”. Second if there is no beginning then any action by an omniscient/omnipotent deity is heavily constrained. I think of karma (cause and effect), and all the connections between each event (as can be discovered by considering thoughts and how the arise) that occur that make the exercise of omnipotence problematic in light of omniscience.
+
+    >That is to say, he thinks he’s going on to a level of thinking that transcends rationality…
+
+    Reply: No critique, a comment;
+
+    This is a good reason to ground ones thinking in the world/earth at large. A start is the back yard garden, if you are fortunate to have one. But it also by painting (landscape etc), or sewing, or pottery, any thing that tames the thinking by grounding it in practice of some kind.
+
+40. [ab7380da][svg] Kevin says: January 18, 2023 at 6:04 pm
+
+    Thanks for this! I’m wondering how this rejection of linear evolution relates to the model of planes of reality you’ve explained before in which humans thus far have material, etheric, and astral bodies but only a mental sheath and no substantial presence at all on planes that are explicitly described as “higher.” The planes come in a pretty linear order, don’t they?
+
+41. [46591b9d][svg] Tidlösa says: January 18, 2023 at 6:20 pm
+
+    Sorry, I wrote that the evolutionary spirit will never break out of nirvana, obviously I meant never break out of samsara and to nirvana! Freudian slip? 😉
+
+42. [dd1d0909][svg] Bei Dawei says: January 18, 2023 at 6:27 pm
+
+    Just as we speak of an Enlightenment and counter-Enlightenment, so with modernity and…well, the “Multiple Modernities” of Shmuel Eisenstadt and co. was really more about civilizational blocs than subcultural identities, but fundamentalism was one of the project’s big concerns.
+
+    JMG: “…Ken Wilber, who was not so long ago the doyen of the New Age movement’s intellectual wing.”
+
+    Yes, this! I call him a warmed-over Theosophist. In fact, the foreword to one of his early books noted how he began his spiritual search by ordering a bunch of stuff from Quest Books.
+
+    Same with Sri Ackroyd. Despite his politics, he was really more comfortable reading Western stuff. (Recall Gandhi’s early history with the Theosophists.)
+
+    People like Wilber run wild with Haeckel’s”ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny” principle. Besides Gebser, other relevant writers include “philosophers of evolution” Henri Bergson, Ernst Cassirir, and Jan Smuts; Erich Kahler (a cultural historian like Gebser); and “scientist-mystics” like Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Julian Jaynes, Brian Swimme, and William Irwin Thompson (also science-fiction writers like Arthur C. Clarke). I am torn about whether to include the “ancient astronauts” crowd as well!
+
+43. [1b46c2e2][svg] John Michael Greer says: January 18, 2023 at 6:28 pm
+
+    Katherine, good heavens — it’s been years since I’ve even thought of Thomas’s book. It’s a great example of the sort of progressivist logic I’m critiquing here; he treated the temporary eclipse of magic at the upper end of the social scale in Britain in the 17th-19th centuries as one more inevitable step forward in the grand march of progress. I don’t imagine he was too happy once it became acceptable for historians to start writing about the revival of magic in 19th century Britain!
+
+    Daniel, that’s a fascinating question. Most alternate-history fiction I’ve seen has been wedded to the progressivist faith — I think of Kim Stanley Robinson’s well-written but embarrassingly naive Years of Rice and Salt, in which the Black Death annihilates most of the population of Europe and so modern Europe never comes into existence, but other parts of the world go in lockstep through European-style scientific and industrial revolutions anyway. That the current kind of technology isn’t the only kind of advanced technology there could be, or that core elements of scientific thought are basically European Christianity with the serial numbers filed off — such concepts, which have been discussed in detail in the history of ideas, never seem to have entered his head.
+
+    David, no, not exactly. Rationality is one set of tools for making sense of human experience.  Myth is another. They apply to different needs and concerns, no question, and you can’t use one effectively to do the other’s job. The rise of logic and formal mathematics in the ancient Greek world, and the rise of experimental science in the modern world, are examples of the emergence of a genuinely new set of mental tools; that doesn’t justify the claim that they’re the be-all and end-all of human thought, but it’s not just one more myth. You can do things with logic, mathematics, and experimental science that nobody anywhere could do before they were invented.  (The same is doubtless true of myth, but narrative is arguably the oldest technology our species has and we don’t have a lot of data on the fantastic impact it must have had on prenarrative protohuman societies.)
+
+    Dana, I’ll definitely consider that. I’ve been completing my collection of Jung’s writings recently, and also picking up Richard Noll’s denunciatory biographies — those are surprisingly useful, since Noll likes to shout “He’s an occultist! Look! Occultism!” That’s helpful, since it points me toward things that occultists like me might want to use.
+
+    Jeff, glad to hear it. I’ve been looking for good metaphors for evolutionary diversification for a while now, and Dion Fortune’s fine gnomic phrase “God is pressure” helped me come up with that one.
+
+    Luke, thank you. I managed to miss HYBRID, which is just as well. Ironically, we’ll be talking about Guénon and the Traditionalists as this discussion proceeds. (Hmm — it’s only just occurred to me that “Guénon and the Traditionalists” sounds like an unusually weird late 1970s acid rock band…)
+
+    SLClaire, I’m very pleased to note that there are 9 copies of Wolfram’s book in our state library system. (All of Rhode Island is in one library system; mind you, the state has about the same population as St. Louis County, and it’s only about twice as large.) Thank you for the pointer toward Rand McNally! That’s good to know.
+
+    Kyle, hmm! I basically do the same thing with my fiction — set up initial conditions and then let ‘er rip — but I somehow hadn’t recognized the connection to Wolfram’s ideas. You’re quite right, though.
+
+    JVP, Piaget’s interesting but his entire system of stages strikes me as too linear to be plausible. Yes, it could well amount to stages in rationalization.
+
+    Chris, one of the things that’s always annoyed me about books on dinosaurs is the assumption that there must have been something wrong with them or they’d still be here. They thrived for 100 million years; when we manage the same thing, why, then we can get snotty about it.
+
+    Quin, thanks for this.
+
+    Thomas, interesting. If the stages to come aren’t preordained, how come we can know about them?  Why couldn’t we be going on to something completely unlike the stages Wilber imagines?
+
+    Jim, that would make a fascinating project.
+
+    Greg, oh, granted. One of the things that impresses me most about Wolfram’s work is that he shows that you can have the basic rules that govern a system, understand them perfectly, and still be totally unable to figure out what the system is going to do, except by a process at least as complex as setting up the system and letting it run. Good-bye, naive determinism!
+
+    Tidlösa, funny. I don’t suppose it would be fair to suggest that he did that deliberately, to be able to insist to his critics that they misunderstood him — look, here’s this quote on page 502!
+
+    Troy, thank you. I’ve wondered for a while now what all that Pokémon stuff was about.
+
+44. [eb8c3d0e][svg] patriciaormsby says: January 18, 2023 at 6:54 pm
+
+    Haven’t had time to read yet, but read the 1st paragraph and thought of a title for my book: “Reclaiming Our Right to Sustainability: Fuji Faith’s Wisdom in Edo’s Sustainable Society.” Thank you for inspiring me. More than anything, I want to capture the gist of the value I see there.
+
+45. [1b46c2e2][svg] John Michael Greer says: January 18, 2023 at 6:58 pm
+
+    Wilnav, I used the monotheist concept of a creator god purely because that’s the form of spirituality that’s most often held up as incompatible with evolution. Myself, I don’t believe there was a beginning or that the Divine is best described by monotheist models, but I wanted to show that even for those who do, it’s not that hard to understand evolution in a religious or spiritual sense without relying on teleology.
+
+    Kevin, in terms of my metaphor, the balloon has to go under the bedroom door to get into the hallway, down the hallway to get to the living room, and so on. Since we, as human beings, happen to be among the molecules that are going this particular direction as the air pump runs, we’ll likely experience those in some very rough approximation of the same order, but with a lot of moving backward and forward, eddying here, getting blown there, and so on.
+
+    Tidlösa, I admit I’d wondered about that!
+
+    Bei, er, “Sri Ackroyd”??? If you mean Sri Aurobindo, he was sent to England at the age of seven and got his education there straight through to Kings College, Oxford, so yes, he found Western philosophy easy going. Readers of mine who know Hindu philosophy have assured me that he was no slouch with the Vedas and Upanishads, either. As for the rest of your list, that’s a fine random gallimaufry you’ve got there. You can certainly leave out the ancient-astronaut crowd; many of the people you cite don’t have much more to do with one another than they do with Erich von Daniken.
+
+    Patricia, I like it. If I spotted that title in a library the book would come home with me!
+
+46. [8fc61fec][svg] David S says: January 18, 2023 at 7:25 pm
+
+    “not just a little wrong, either: completely, utterly, humiliatingly wrong”. Splendid. I’ve been looking for something to describe mainstream narratives. May I borrow it?
+
+47. [e8a23178][svg] Dylan says: January 18, 2023 at 7:46 pm
+
+    JMG, have you encountered Stephen Meyer? He makes the case that biological evolution as we know it today *could not* have occurred according to random chance mutations, and must have had some other factor influencing it.
+
+    The basis of the argument is mathematical: Darwin didn’t and couldn’t have taken into account what we now know about the complexity of DNA and the extremely long odds, over many, many reproductive steps, of producing a successful genetic adaptation. Apparently there simply aren’t enough millions of years in the fossil record for purely chance alterations at the sub-cellular level to produce the speed and variety of evolutionary changes for which we have fossil and living evidence. Meyer says the missing factor is some form of intelligent design. In the video I watched, he then admits his leanings as a person of faith, but declines to bring religious talking points into his argument.
+
+    I never thought I’d be so intrigued by this kind of argument, but if I’ve understood it right it is persuasive, and Meyer himself is extremely well-spoken and modest in his delivery.
+
+    On another, very different note, I’m currently working my way through Rudolf Steiner’s account of cosmic evolution in ‘Outline of Esoteric Science’, which is a good deal stranger than anything in the genre I’ve encountered before. He follows the Theosophical bent of seeing teleological evolution as a defining feature of the cosmos, with all the necessary stages laid out behind and before us, seven times seven times seven. Dion Fortune seemed to be of this school of thought too.
+
+    What do you make of Steiner and all those other occultists who saw teleological evolution as so integral to what we humans are doing on earth? I trust you don’t put them all in quite the same camp as Wilber?
+
+48. [d2155d41][svg] john shaw says: January 18, 2023 at 7:46 pm
+
+    progress= a process of loss
+
+49. [228dab3b][svg] wilnav says: January 18, 2023 at 8:02 pm
+
+    Thank you John.
+
+50. [78c1bc52][svg] asdf jkl; says: January 18, 2023 at 8:02 pm
+
+    I was just reading the following when I decided to take a break and look at this Wednesday’s posting.
+
+    “The real-life influence of scholarly narratives relies not just on factual evidence and reasonable arguments but at least as much, if not more, on their ability to use words for the purpose of enchantment. Still, no spell will take hold unless it finds a receptive target. The imagery must speak to the readers lived experience, and historical narratives must resonate with what they feel is happening in their own world… but here’s the thing: the information does not need to be correct. None of these phantasmata [1] needs to be real” (Hanegraaff, Hermetic Spirituality, pp. 352-353)
+
+    [1] This is the author’s explicit nod to Culianu’s Eros and Magic.
+
+51. [938a92fe][svg] Peter says: January 18, 2023 at 8:03 pm
+
+    I occasionally read Wolfram’s blog, and I note comments about his theories above. I have a theory that if you penetrate deep enough into any subject, or field of knowledge, no matter how arcane, you’ll find consciousness, or something akin to it. Christopher Alexander found it in the depths of architecture, and I think Wolfram has too. He is currently talking about a thing called the Ruliad – a broad set of all things – entangled things – that are computationally possible. If that’s not the Ring Cosmos, I’d be astounded (especially when people ask him, what is beyond the Ruliad). It could also be a plane of existence.
+
+    The odd thing is, that with Ken Wilber, he had all the tools to do this, but didn’t seem to be able to go to the next step, and inserted an old school and non-original myth back in. I’d rather go with Wolfram, even if he is a touch arrogant.
+
+52. [d8fedf7e][svg] Patricia Mathews says: January 18, 2023 at 8:55 pm
+
+    @JMG – Years of Rice & Salt had probably faded into obscurity by now, but I do suggest S.M.  Stirling’s epic Emberverse series. As I said earlier, it’s a post toastie with a highly unlikely catastrophic beginning, but the end result is that the boundaries between the worlds becomes thinner, magic creeps back in and is taken for granted by a good many of the successor cultures.  As one woman states, who had been a hard-core materialist all her life, “I’m an atheist. But not a flat-earth atheist.” When given proof that TSW, she sighs, gives up her old comfortable cynicism, and applies herself seriously to prayer.
+
+    We are also shown a very nasty nut cult which is deep into sorcery – which is as the end result of (as above, so below) a quest for pure rationality and thought without that nasty old matter cluttering up the works. The contempt for matter plays out in this universe as a contempt for soap and water, a revival of slavery of ‘inferior’ humans, and a tight leash on women, presumably because female biology and child-bearing ties us closer to the material world than it does men.  And yet- human nature does seep through. It occurs to me, The Radiance could very easily have gone that way back in the pre-WWII years. Anyway, highly recommended.
+
+53. [3a115a27][svg] info says: January 18, 2023 at 9:03 pm
+
+    What malign spiritual forces is responsible for the cult of ugliness especially manifested in the 20th Century? And the other horrific events on this time. And accompanying great scientific progress?
+
+    Have you read this book on the history of the rise, survival and dominance of modern ugly architecture?  https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/38819296-making-dystopia
+
+    Wonder how this enchantment can be countered?
+
+54. [4f35e55c][svg] sgage says: January 18, 2023 at 9:14 pm
+
+    @Brunette Gardens,
+
+    Re: paper maps vs. ‘smart’ phone GPS and such (and I followed the link to your website)… As I am constantly telling my oh so hip and tech-addicted, tech-addled, modern nieces and nephews… Every automation is an amputation. Every automation is an amputation.
+
+    I am a huge fan of paper maps and the big picture. I spent much of the 1970’s traveling around the country with 2 resources: the Rand McNally Road Atlas, and the Rand McNally Guide to Campgrounds. I still treasure my old tattered Road Atlas, with all my routes marked in highlighter.
+
+    RM still makes their road atlas…
+
+55. [4f35e55c][svg] sgage says: January 18, 2023 at 9:25 pm
+
+    @JMG,
+
+    Geoffrey Falk wrote a scathing piece on Wilber (among many other ‘gurus’) a while back. You might find this amusing:
+
+    http://strippingthegurus.com/normaneinsteinbook.com/index.html
+
+56. [4f35e55c][svg] sgage says: January 18, 2023 at 9:27 pm
+
+    I said ‘piece’, it was a book. Just scroll down past the blurbs – the whole book is there.
+
+57. [1b46c2e2][svg] John Michael Greer says: January 18, 2023 at 9:49 pm
+
+    David S, of course!
+
+    Dylan, no, I haven’t. If he’s bringing out the old wheeze about random chance, though, I won’t bother, because that’s another straw man, and a dubiously honest one at this point. The generation of novel genetic sequences isn’t random; those organisms that come up with ways to do that more efficiently, and to select from them the ones that are useful, will come out on top often enough through the process of natural selection that mere chance got left behind a long time ago. That’s why sex was invented — it’s a great way to increase genetic variation; it’s also why microbes exchange plasmids, and why scores of other neat little genetic tricks have been selected for over the two billion years or so that there have been living things on this planet.
+
+    As for Steiner, I’ll be talking about his student Owen Barfield shortly, but the short form is that yes, he and Wilber are two peas from the same pod — Wilber and Steiner were both powerfully influenced by Theosophy, which relied on pre-Darwinian teleological notions of evolution.  (Theosophy — and for that matter Steiner’s Anthroposophy — have a lot of good things to offer, but their accounts of prehistory and evolution aren’t among those.)
+
+    John, I could see it!
+
+    Asdf, funny. True, but funny.
+
+    Peter, fascinating. I’ll look forward to reading Wolfram’s latest in due time.
+
+    Patricia M, I’ll consider it, but I admit my couple of dips into a volume at the local library didn’t catch my interest. Different tastes, and all that…
+
+    Info, that’s another question entirely, though we may get to it again before this sequence winds down.
+
+    Sgage, thanks for this. Scathing reviews of Wilber seem to be tolerably common these days!
+
+58. [ba414425][svg] Orion says: January 18, 2023 at 9:57 pm
+
+    #brunette gardens #19
+
+    Back 25 years ago I had a radar detector. I knew that if it was green I could go, and go fast.  When it flashed red and beeped I had to slow down.
+
+    One day I was driving down a 45 mph road, going 60, with a traffic light that was red! I distinctly remember having the thought that I could just go because the radar detector wasn’t going off.
+
+    I was “smart” enough to turn the radar detector off and sell it right away. I’ve never used radar detectors since.
+
+    Same kind of thing applies to most any “tech”.
+
+59. [f1a4f7c0][svg] J.L.Mc12 says: January 18, 2023 at 10:14 pm
+
+    Hey JMG
+
+    Your talk of ken wilber reminded me of the account that David zindell, a little known sci fi and fantasy author as well a mathematician, wrote in his autobiography “Splendor” concerning his brief relationship with him.
+
+    Apparently David once dated a woman who previously dated ken, and she claimed that the first time they met he decided to show off his mental prowess by showing how fast he could enter the Theta brain state by meditating whilst connected to a brain monitor. Some time later David sent ken one of his novels which impressed him so much that he invited David to become a member of his “integral institute”.  David accepted, but he quickly became disillusioned with ken on account of his ideologue behaviour and the fact that he kept on having to complicate his originally simple theories to make them work, which David compared to the way medieval astronomers complicated their geocentric models of the solar system.  Eventually David dared to criticise ken in front of his followers an account of his faulty understanding of anthropology, which David had minored in, it quickly descended into a childish shouting match, after which David left the institute, and ken fired followers he felt were insufficiently loyal.
+
+60. [b605cd05][svg] Hillbilly Narnia says: January 18, 2023 at 10:18 pm
+
+    It’s been many years since I read Wilber on spiral dynamics – this takes me back.
+
+    About 20 years ago I was discussing Wilber with a friend and he said he felt Wilber “put too much of himself in his writing.” I got what he meant, but didn’t mind it as I could see through the personal and kind of self-referential nature of his writing to see what Wilber was getting at.
+
+    If I remember right, in the 80’s Wilber went through a horrific experience with his wife getting sick and dying of cancer. After that, he cloistered himself off for a while to think and read and write and figure stuff out.
+
+    I get that if a guy went through that with his wife he might be driven to assiduously work out “what does it all mean?” and “this all has to be going somewhere, and somewhere for the ultimate good, right?”
+
+    So if he came up with a teleology that systematically leads upwards through stages of betterment and increasing consciousness in a spiritually progressive sense, well I get why a guy who held his young wife’s hand while she was dying of cancer might come up with something like that.
+
+    I’m not saying his ideas shouldn’t be critiqued. They definitely should. You and many others have done a good job doing so. I just feel for Ken a bit, and when I read stuff I separate critique of the man’s ideas from critique of the man himself.
+
+61. [4d81d4f4][svg] Candace_K says: January 18, 2023 at 10:20 pm
+
+    JMG- your response to Greg made me think of the discussions regarding free will (or the notion that we actually lack free will). Now it looks like a perspective issue, if the changes that occur/choices that occur still have an unpredictable outcome even when falling within a general framework is that free will? I so enjoy how one piece of what I read on your blog will jog me to look back at old discussions and help me see them with a new perspective. Thank you for the fun.
+
+62. [228dab3b][svg] wilnav says: January 18, 2023 at 10:21 pm
+
+    > JMG wrote: That’s why sex was invented
+
+    Some thoughts on Sex and its invention.
+
+    Divided and Conquer.
+
+    From the book I am re-reading for about the 3rd time in the last 15 years “Microcosmos” by Lynn Margulis and Dorian Sagan, I am learning that life through meiotic sex is very expensive and thus there must be something else going on. Thinking about it again I have a few words to articulate my non verbal perception of the chapter on SEX in that book.
+
+    I agree . I think that Plant and Animal sex is so expensive because we are a controlled experiment by Gaia. If we could share chromosomes or DNA like our bacterial parents, we would be out of control and may even have destroyed ourselves already. So that is one part of the Divided.
+
+    The other is; Dr. Lynn Margulis warns against war against our parents the bacteria, which she calls the Microcosmos. Such a war we cannot win. I suggest that a very small portion of mankind declared war with the invention of herbicides and pesticides perhaps even before with the industrial revolution. Perhaps those early warriors against the parents of the bioshpere were ignorant and should be forgiven. But when glyphosate/Roundup entered the picture, there was no longer any doubt in the microcosmos that war had been declared by a very select powerful and hard to see (we can’t see them) group of humans that had such intentions by which to direct what they are doing.
+
+    Now the war is on. It is why the human side of this war are in a hurry to win at all costs. Why they care little for the destruction caused to all of life, or microcosmos.\
+
+    (Sorry it is a bit sprawling)
+
+63. [bfd76af4][svg] Siliconguy says: January 18, 2023 at 10:25 pm
+
+    “We’ve universally abandoned paper (or parchment, or animal skin) maps in favor of smart-phone GPS.”
+
+    Not if you really want to know where you are going. My confidence in the GPS map built into the truck vanished when it insisted I was driving through a wheat field. I was actually on a paved road, complete with center stripe. Not all local paved roads have center stripes, so this was an upscale paved road.
+
+    As for Myths, The Standard Model that is supposed to explain all physics, and therefore the universe, has “issues.” The Super collider in Switzerland was supposed to answer the Last Ultimate Questions. No such luck.
+
+    https://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/five-mysteries-the-standard-model-cant-explain
+
+    And then two extremely painstaking measurements of the age of the universe have given beyond any shadow of a doubt, different answers.
+
+    https://www.space.com/cosmology-crisis-age-of-the-universe
+
+    And the latest measurements from the new space telescope just made it ever worse. Dr Becky explains it well. If the funny link doesn’t work just look up Dr Becky crises in cosmology on Youtube.
+
+    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hps-HfpL1vc
+
+    Burning physics books may warm the planet all by themselves. Those things are heavy 🙂
+
+64. [bfd76af4][svg] Siliconguy says: January 18, 2023 at 11:03 pm
+
+    “Apparently there simply aren’t enough millions of years in the fossil record for purely chance alterations at the sub-cellular level to produce the speed and variety of evolutionary changes for which we have fossil and living evidence. ”
+
+    Fortunately it does not take all that long. Wax worms have decided Polyethylene is on the menu.
+
+    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-33127-w
+
+    And this bacteria eats PET.
+
+    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideonella_sakaiensis
+
+    Polyethylene was invented in 1898, but a commercially viable way to make it (less explosive) wasn’t found until 1933, less than a century ago.
+
+    PET was invented in 1941. All hail water bottles, polyester clothing, sails, and the now obsolete cassette tapes.
+
+    All those carbon to carbon bonds contain stored energy. Something was going to find a way to oxidize it.
+
+    Now I’m going to oxidize a few cookies. 🙂
+
+65. [3b4d6215][svg] Joan says: January 18, 2023 at 11:10 pm
+
+    I remember studying Marx in the context of the movement he was part of: intellectuals in industrializing parts of the world who looked at the ongoing humanitarian disaster created by the Industrial Revolution and tried to think of ways to manipulate the rules and structures of society so as to reduce the disaster to a minimum while hanging onto industrialism’s obvious advantages. Most of the others, such as Henry George and Robert Owen, offered sensible suggestions that might help. They were pretty much ignored in their lifetime and today are known only to scholars of that particular segment of intellectual history. Marx’s ideas went on to transform the world because he didn’t just make suggestions. He claimed to offer a scientific description of the path to Paradise.
+
+    So now I’m kind of toying with a theory I’m calling (with apologies to Robert Ardrey) the Teleological Imperative. If you want your writings to shake the world, be sure to include a plausible path to Paradise.
+
+66. [3fa5d7fd][svg] True Thomas says: January 18, 2023 at 11:41 pm
+
+    “Thomas, interesting. If the stages to come aren’t preordained, how come we can know about them?  Why couldn’t we be going on to something completely unlike the stages Wilber imagines?”
+
+    I could be wrong but I think Wilber would say the stages are not preordained/planned by some higher power. But they could be evolutionarily inevitable in some sense, even if we don’t know exactly what they will be like. According to Spiral Dynamics/Clare Graves the first 6 stages have happened and are well established, so we can observe them. Spiral Dynamics says stages 7 and 8 are starting to be observable. They seem to be the beginning of a “second tier” which in some sense reenact stages 1 and 2 respectively. For example 7 like 1 will be individualistic and 8 like 2 will be group oriented. Thinking about how that relationship between 1/2 and 7/8 will play out let the Spiral Dynamics authors and Wilber speculatively flesh out what stages 7 and 8 may be like. Wilber also might draw conclusions based on what other thinkers have said about the higher stages. 
+
+    Again I don’t claim to be an expert on this and I haven’t read about this stuff in a very long time. Wilber has a mystic side. I wouldn’t be too surprised if Wilber said the stages were both spiritually preordained and evolutionarily determined.
+
+67. [1b46c2e2][svg] John Michael Greer says: January 18, 2023 at 11:59 pm
+
+    J.L.Mc12, thanks for this. No surprises there.
+
+    Hillbilly, that’s one of the reasons I’ve tried to make a point of challenging the ideas and not the person. It’s not my job to judge individuals — and of course, as pointed out in the post, I’m not trying to assess his ideas in general. I simply want to challenge one specific notion he’s championed, the notion that myth, magic, and enchantment generally belong to an outdated stage of evolution.
+
+    Candace, glad to hear it. One of the best ways I know of to think about free will is to remember that it’s never absolute; sometimes it’s no more than a little wiggle room here and there, sometimes it’s more than that, but free will and determinism are two ends of a spectrum and human life always functions somewhere in the middle.
+
+    Wilnav, if that’s the myth that appeals to you, by all means. I suggest that meiotic sex is worthwhile from the biological point of view precisely because it maximizes genetic diversity and variation; it’s not accidental that once organisms started having sex, evolution kicked into overdrive!
+
+    Siliconguy, fun times! “The more you tighten your grip,” Princess Leia says to the physicists, “the more star systems will slip through your fingers.”
+
+    Joan, yes, exactly. That is to say, every successful secular ideology is a religious ideology with the serial numbers filed off. Marxism is Protestant Christianity in secular drag: primitive communism = the Garden of Eden, the invention of private property = original sin, and so on point for point until, after a millennium of socialism, the New Jerusalem of the perfect communist society descends from the heavens and nothing ever changes again.
+
+    Thomas, if the order and destination of the process is fixed, it doesn’t matter how much handwaving is involved, you’ve got a teleological system. Teleology doesn’t necessarily involve a higher power; it can always be some abstract notion such as Marx’s historical dialectic, or evolution, or what have you.
+
+68. [896efddb][svg] Brian says: January 19, 2023 at 12:33 am
+
+    @JMG
+
+    Through your writing I rejected the myth of progress, which ultimately leads to “trans” thinking writ large. The infinite quest for frontiers ultimately leads to harmful trans pathology. But the trans god can never be satiated. And so it pushes beyond boundaries for no reason at all. Where do we (the West) draw the boundary? I don’t know. 1492? 1619? 1979? 2019? No wonder we’re so confused trying to freeze oil and water at just the right moment when progress was just right.  The woke are more correct than the mainstream, the true children of the West.
+
+    However, I have a hard time harmonizing my critical and rational thinking with this notion of enchantment. I know it makes me unhappy. This knowledge that humans are limited. Nature is limited. And given a certain configuration of these elements, the results are very very predictable. There are few things we don’t understand at this point, including human behavior that astrologists and politicians exploit. I want to believe in sun gods and river gods and dance and remember when I drew dragons and got lost in imaginary worlds in tree houses, but I just can’t. I’m old and my eyes are clouded over and my legs are stiff. I now understand Genesis, although I wish I didn’t.
+
+69. [4840f216][svg] Ian Duncombe says: January 19, 2023 at 12:46 am
+
+    Wilber’s spiral and axis schematic pattern reminds me strongly of an inverted version of the three pillars and descent of power diagram found within Qaballahist literature.https:// www.theosophycanada.com/files/kabbala-fig13.jpg I am reading The Mystical Qaballah and glanced at this diagram at the back of Dione Fortune’s book after reading this article.  How old is the Tree of life? Wikipedia indicates a similar schematic pattern may have existed in Assyria 9th century BC and thats all the research I’m going to do tonight on it.  The simplicity of the spiral diagram is a little disappointing and perhaps an unfortunate devolved, and simplified upside down mock up.  I wonder if the spiral pattern schema would be dismissed by 9th century BC Assyrians, or 12th century AD Judaists as not cutting edge enough to warrant serious consideration.
+
+70. [8cd162b0][svg] Martin Back says: January 19, 2023 at 1:50 am
+
+    Observing nature, one sees a drive to diversification rather than a drive to perfection. Taking social creatures like us, there must have been an ur-ant or ur-bee, but today there are 12,000 ant species and 20,000 bee species.
+
+    It looks like any one species finds a niche where it can live in harmony with its surroundings for thousands of years, and buds off variant species to conquer different niches.
+
+    Dinosaur today, chicken tomorrow. Such is development in nature.
+
+71. [24751a58][svg] Collie Dog says: January 19, 2023 at 3:06 am
+
+    Thank you, JMG, and very much looking forward to your take on Sri Aurobindo!
+
+    Ideas of evolution in the spiritual realm are something which I have long thought of as the main thing missing in the Christian domain — or more a case probably, as I suspect it, of them having been excised over time. Not so in the Hindu realm, of course. But after reading this article, I begin to wonder if even there I am really still (as ever) carrying unhelpful baggage.
+
+    When I long ago stopped buying into the ‘evolution = progress’ fallacy, the phrase I coined to describe my way of seeing it to the usually extremely dogmatic Darwinists I kept encountering, was ‘dynamic status quo’. To me that seemed to be a more realistic, even uncontroversial, way to describe what goes on in the material realm of life — a rich and various dynamic status quo, naturally sustaining within definite parameters, with the perennial capacity to adapt appropriately at various crisis points over long millennia. Progress? Maybe at the very beginning, but not since it was all up and running after at least the ‘oxygen crisis’ (as the current narrative has it).
+
+    Maybe I was speaking to the wrong people, but it was still resistance — particularly in the case of one who freelanced as a popular science writer. In his case it was even hostility and affront, which at that time was doubly surprising to me when, in youthful naivety, I vainly imagined this meant he would be more about openness to ideas, etc, lol.
+
+    Reading this week’s article has for some reason triggered these memories and reminded me of that phrase I once coined. I still think it probably works for the material realm. But now I find myself wondering if there is a corollary in the spiritual realm. I suddenly wonder if the ‘narrative image’ I have of the soul’s journey over lifetimes as one of ‘growth’ is actually really only another case of the ‘evolution = progress’ fallacy(?) — not only that, but one which in my case includes more than a little element of fear and self-recrimination (for not progressing well enough in a dangerous domain of ignorance).
+
+    And yet, an image instead of ‘dynamic status quo’ as an alternative take for the spiritual realm as well as for the material…??
+
+    Apologies if this is just vain wondering, but it is where your article and this morning’s mind has taken me…
+
+72. [b494dfa2][svg] Chris at Fernglade Farm says: January 19, 2023 at 3:57 am
+
+    Hi John Michael,
+
+    Yeah, the dinosaurs get a bad rap. I’ve read articles from serious folks suggesting that just before the huge Mount Everest sized (and then some) rock smashed into a shallow sea 65 million years ago, the dinosaurs were up against the ropes. I think not. The species got unlucky is how I read that story, but yeah there are some sour grapes and stuff out there in regards to them. I doubt our species has that sort of longevity to it. We’re more of a flash in the pan. But no matter, the Earth will go on and life will continue in all it’s interesting forms.
+
+    The whole linear progression belief just isn’t reflected anywhere in nature other than the inside workings of some of our species brains. The inverted bell shaped curve is far more representative of reality. It’s almost as if the curve was hard wired into the very existence of the universe.
+
+    Cheers
+
+    Chris
+
+73. [7548728d][svg] Darkest Yorkshire says: January 19, 2023 at 4:02 am
+
+    Turns out there’s a whole debate about how ‘Promethean’ Marx was: https://cosmonautmag.com/2022/ 10/who-holds-up-half-the-earth-a-review-of-half-earth-socialism/.
+
+74. [3c0f6607][svg] Abraham says: January 19, 2023 at 5:01 am
+
+    Hello, JMG.
+
+    When I read the title of the book I thought for one instant that you were referring to Bill Bryson’s “A Short History of Nearly Everything”, which is a book that I love and reccommend to anyone interested in the history of science. This is the book that made it clear to me that science is a work in progress, not a fixed truth set in stone.
+
+    On a second note, weren’t you supposed to be resting on Januaries? Not critisizing. Actually, I’m glad to have my weekly post to enjoy.
+
+    For a final note, I think there’s an easier way to reject Wilber ideas. He argues that we should leave the previous developments behind and embrace the last of our developments. Well, the first of our developments as a species is having a body well suited for handling stuff and a bigger brain. Should we abandon them so we can become pure abstract thinking? Isn’t this a contradiction, having less brains while being more rational? Should we abandon the emotions that have kept us alive when we weren’t paying attention? Should we ignore that we are physical and emotional when making logical reasoning about people? If so, then let the teleologist show how he can do that and maybe I will consider following.  (… but now you can make the point that the myths are necessary, don’t you?)
+
+75. [7548728d][svg] Darkest Yorkshire says: January 19, 2023 at 5:22 am
+
+    It’s like someone gave Stephen Wolfram 250mcg of LSD and a Spirograph set, and told him to explain the universe. 🙂
+
+76. [aad1a039][svg] Dave says: January 19, 2023 at 7:06 am
+
+    As John of the Cross and Thomas Merton wrote, once you begin the ascetic life and move into contemplative prayer, words, language, even experience fail to describe what comes next. Perhaps the attempt to map and describe the indescribable is the school bell ringing.
+
+77. [57b9d7ab][svg] Justin Patrick Moore says: January 19, 2023 at 7:18 am
+
+    Within the sphere of the universe there are infinite possibilities. I like the idea of looking at the various theories out there as forms of art, individual glass bead games, each making their own connections.
+
+    Sometimes those connections are like reversed circles, and become ruts in the grooves of our collective imagination, other times they are perfected circles open to all four quarters if the world and allow for the influx of an expanded consciousness.
+
+78. [6c657d3a][svg] Tony C says: January 19, 2023 at 7:43 am
+
+    Greetings JMG,
+
+    Very good topic. It is fascinating to explore how human consciousness evolves and grows.
+
+79. [57b9d7ab][svg] Justin Patrick Moore says: January 19, 2023 at 7:53 am
+
+    Today with the Sacred Geometry Oracle, I got the circle reversed, which denotes repetition and running around circles. This got me thinking of what I need to do to get out of my own rut.  Meditating on this the idea of a record being played with well worn grooves came to mind. Then I connected this to the notion of tracks in space as it relates to magic and culture. This got me thinking about things such as the myth of progress, etc., and how people can easily fall under its spell. Because it is a well worn track, a groove, it can be hard for people’s needle to move on to another track. In the world of vinyl (and yes, my own rut of experimental music devotion) there are records that have been made with what are called locked grooves that can repeat ad infinitum. It seems like some of the ideas we humans have developed (such as this myth of progress) are these locked grooves, and it takes a lot of willpower to get out and onto a new track.
+
+    [At the same time, for the immediate work ahead, I will need to repeat exercise 20 at least one more time, if not more, from the Way of the Golden Section so I can do that part of squaring the circle correctly.]
+
+    So, I asked the oracle what I needed to do to get out of my own locked groove. The card that came up was the sphere… the universe of inifinite possibilities. Exploring new ideas, subjects, lines of study and inquiry, can help lay down some new tracks inside me, which will be really good for what I want and need to do.
+
+    Yet some new or different or alternative tracks in space out their are faint, and tracing them again will have the effect of reinforcing them so that when others want to get out of the groove they are locked in, they might see these tracings, and follow their lead.
+
+80. [773c8a48][svg] David, by the lake says: January 19, 2023 at 7:59 am
+
+    I wonder if what drives the teleological imperative (nice phrase, Joan!) isn’t the belief that *my* life can’t have meaning and purpose if universal existence doesn’t have meaning and purpose.  What point is growth and development if we cannot say what we are developing into and why?
+
+81. [773c8a48][svg] David, by the lake says: January 19, 2023 at 8:56 am
+
+    To follow on my previous comment, there appears to be a dichotomy of either universal teleology (which filters down to the individual) or else blind, meaningless bumbling. The fact of the dichotomy makes me suspect there’s a ternary being missed, but I’m unsure what it might be.  Willful exploration comes to mind, but I think that could also be enveloped by the blind bumbling.
+
+82. [baf9ef91][svg] clay dennis says: January 19, 2023 at 9:47 am
+
+    JMG, your mention of evolution and finches made me think of something. One of the ways the intellectual elite ( or those molding the thinking of the PMC) signal their intentions in for next generation, is with an interesting tradition that could bear more examination. Snobby schools mail each of the incoming freshman a book during the summer with the instructions to read it and be ready for discussions of said book during the fall in various classes. My younger son went to the snobby school across the river from you a decade and half ago ( courtesy of a scholarship from the Jaegermeister magnate) and was sent ” The Beak of the Finch”. This book was even referenced in the President’s ( of the university) opening address to new students. I have not read the book, but from what I can tell it is a celebration of rational thinking and intellectual superiority over primitive thinkers who do not believe in evolution. It would be an interesting exercise to find out what books were assigned to the new ” recruits” to the Ivies and such over the last few decades.
+
+83. [35d59b64][svg] Celadon says: January 19, 2023 at 11:08 am
+
+    “Thomas, interesting. If the stages to come aren’t preordained, how come we can know about them?  Why couldn’t we be going on to something completely unlike the stages Wilber imagines?”
+
+    JMG, am thinking about the medieval principle, Grace perfects Nature. It seems a great deal of the issue (within Christian or post-Christian circles) revolves around this issue. If you believe in absolute novelty, then secular Progress is for you, for sure (although you can also see it as pre-ordained, just capriciously, with power or a Deus ex machina in your own mind). You just uncouple Nature from Grace, or define Grace as man’s plastic will (Davos?AI?). And if you are a mystic Protestant who doesn’t believe in absolute novelty, then there has to be final participation in a teleology which nevertheless risks looking a lot like secular Progress, and overlooking hidden possibilities in Nature (Spirit Below). In this case, Grace and Nature are out of balance, as well, although there are more creative options than just de-coupling them completely. But if you go back to the medieval notion, and redefine “perfection” as recapitulates (but not completely or finally, or from a position of unworthiness), you can have novelty which is not absolutely absolute, but which is definitely novel and fructive/positive. You can have Nature as creative, and in dialogue with Grace. St. Francis summed it up for me when he called Nature our “sister” (rather than Mother or Lover). Nature and the Universe can cycle through possibilities, and sometimes you can see a little farther, or even get a little farther, but you can’t really know where it is headed, for sure, until the event, although you have a guarantee that Nature (Creation) will not have violence done to it by the variations of Grace, which play notes upon a musical theme. And also that Nature will not be deprived of Grace. It seems to me Tolkien had something like this in mind, when he retold the Genesis myth, in terms of music.  Anyway, that’s how I am approaching old Owen right now…thank you sir!
+
+84. [35d59b64][svg] Celadon says: January 19, 2023 at 11:09 am
+
+    And this was a fabulous analytical critique of Wilber, btw. First rate.
+
+85. [26d131da][svg] Greco says: January 19, 2023 at 11:14 am
+
+    Thank you for this post. I was aware of Wilber for some time via exposure when drifting into the spiritual section of bookstores. There he was, Wilber. I resisted reading him for a while, but then at some point, the collected works showed up on the discount rack of my local bookstore and I took the plunge into Wilber land. His theoretical ideas were interesting, a kind of lego land with different color bricks that let you build intellectual models that put your own way of being at the top. His ideas reminded me of eneagrams, schemas that let you classify human behavior, only Wilber’s schemas let you classify entire civilizations. I was good with all that. A classification sheme. Fine as far as it went except that Wilber insisted we all needed to climb to the top of his scheme.  The main problem with his notion in my mind was that I couldn’t see any evolutionary pressure that would drive us toward the goal he imagined.  In a way, his scheme reminds me of Mahayana Buddhism in which the boddhisatva hangs back from the goal state untill the last human has reached the pre goal state. At that point all the bodhisattvas would turn to each other and say, no, you first unless they could all step out of the circle of rebirth simultaneously. But then there’s hinayana where we can each enter the final state without waiting for anyone else.  But in a strictly practical sense, Wilber’s evolutionary scheme requires humans to do the evolving and we are told that all species go extinct. Imagine a meteor strike putting an end to the whole scheme. Etc. The end of the evolutionary rainbow. Everybody back to base color.
+
+86. [136ebd74][svg] Clark says: January 19, 2023 at 11:38 am
+
+    JMG, I am a new father. My son is 14 months now. One of the things that I have been doing since his conception is working on a homeschool curriculum, trying to put all the myths, fables, fairy tales, history, philosophy and occult training that I wish I had received as a child in order to prepare him better than I was for life. Of course, your books are in there as well as many of the thinkers you have mentioned over the years, Spengler and such. I have been following your blog since 2011, if I remember correctly. Either way, this line of thinking is really taking me to a new level. I sincerely hope that you turn these blogs into a book. With that said, one thing I like to look for from some of my favorite contemporary writers/thinkers is a top 10 reading list.  Any chance you have a top 10 list of books that you would recommend that I share with my son as he grows? If you don’t have time, how about a top 3 list?
+
+87. [3fa5d7fd][svg] True Thomas says: January 19, 2023 at 11:53 am
+
+    “Thomas, if the order and destination of the process is fixed, it doesn’t matter how much handwaving is involved, you’ve got a teleological system. Teleology doesn’t necessarily involve a higher power; it can always be some abstract notion such as Marx’s historical dialectic, or evolution, or what have you.”
+
+    Let’s be precise. My dictionary says: teleological – adjective Philosophy.  of or relating to teleology, the philosophical doctrine that final causes, design, and purpose exist in nature.
+
+    Darwin’s theory tries to explain biological evolution without design and purpose. Wolfram I gather tries to generalize that beyond biology. So not teleological. But parallel evolution can and does happen. Similar adaptations can follow from similar circumstances. Just because a particular path repeats, perhaps inevitably, doesn’t necessarily imply design and/or purpose.  (Hand waving is optional.)
+
+    I don’t know Marx’s theory well, but from here its evolution does seem to involve a “final cause” /destination – an earthly paradise. I don’t know how he as an atheist justifies that, but it seems teleological.
+
+    As far as I know Clare Graves’ theory had no final cause/destination, purpose or design. His study was more to do with human mental/emotional/social development than with biological evolution per se. A scientific argument could be made that human development does tend to follow a certain healthy sequence, though there are lots of ways to mess it up. And Graves tries to explain how each level together with the environment leads naturally to the next, at least when not messed up. So not teleological.
+
+    Ken Wilber aims to pull from every substantial domain of human philosophy, science, religion, spirit, fitting them into one overarching theory. Some of those are teleological and some are not. Unless he explicitly abandons the teleological parts, that makes his theory at least partly teleological or inconsistent. One could say that he actually picks and chooses the theories and the parts that he wants, the parts that allow him to fit them together, but beyond that perhaps to fit with the idea of progress toward enlightenment. As with Marx, I don’t know how Wilber would justify that. So his overall theory seems teleological.
+
+    I guess it is possible that the Earth or human development or whatever really is teleological, that there is someone’s final cause, purpose or design involved. Maybe She is just really subtle about it like a Taoist sage or a tai chi master. I prefer to avoid teleology but I can’t prove it either way.
+
+    In the end these are all models and all models are wrong. But they can be useful even so. For those contemplating societal collapse I’d suggest taking a good look at Graves and Spiral Dynamics, just to see where their theory says it might land us.
+
+88. [19d43028][svg] The Other Owen says: January 19, 2023 at 11:55 am
+
+    It all comes down to “One True Way”, doesn’t it? And I guess it’s either offensive to entertain the notion of “N True Ways” or you just shrug your shoulders and go “Well, what are the consequences if you allow ‘N True Ways'”? Or why does “N True Ways” offend some people so much?
+
+    I wonder if centuries hence, someone will prove a theorem that every mathematical statement about nature will contain a paradox somewhere in it. And that all you can do is decide where the paradox shows up.
+
+89. [ca5db939][svg] Jacques says: January 19, 2023 at 11:55 am
+
+    Interesting post, thanks.
+
+    Wondering if you might be willing to briefly explain why you’re not a big fan of Joseph Campbell’s work/ideas.
+
+    Also, this might be too big/general of question (and I’m certain it’s a fine theme for meditation), but how might one live differently now were they not in thrall to the myth of progress?
+
+    Thank you.
+
+90. [773c8a48][svg] David, by the lake says: January 19, 2023 at 12:34 pm
+
+    Re cycles and lines and spirals
+
+    The spiral injects linear progression into cyclical motion so that one can feel that one is “going somewhere.”. (It also lines up with the principle of history not repeating, but rhyming very well.). A useful image I developed for my meditation practice many years ago takes the axis of the spiral and steps back to view it as yet another spiral wrapping around yet another linear axis, then repeats the process ad infinitum. Instead of “turtles all the way down,” it is “spirals all the way up.”. In essence, perceived linearity is simply a limited understanding of a larger cycle.
+
+91. [0264325c][svg] Anonymous says: January 19, 2023 at 12:43 pm
+
+    It’s finally hit me why Progress has such a destructive stranglehold on thinking, where most other forms of myths, even monomyths, have usually allowed for some variation and some evolution, Progress, by its very nature, cannot evolve. Once something is declared to be the next wave of Progress, there’s no way to backdown. If it doesn’t work, the only option is to either press onward, or drop it and pretend it never happened.
+
+    With the additional wrinkle that the moment that “myth” is relegated to the past, to even notice that Progress as a myth is to question Progress itself, no wonder so many people have gotten so stuck…
+
+92. [2b9d4346][svg] Robert Mathiesen says: January 19, 2023 at 2:00 pm
+
+    @David, by the Lake (#81):
+
+    Yes, there is at least one ternary to overcome your dichotomy: blind meaning-creating bumbling.  Experience and history have copiously shown that meaning can arise out of meaningless and purposeless activity.
+
+93. [0a269c55][svg] JustMe says: January 19, 2023 at 2:33 pm
+
+    Really, really enjoying the new series. Thank you so much! Reminds a bit of A World Full of Gods.  Can’t wait for what’s next.  I was re-reading some Poe today in honor of his birthday and found a quote which strikes me as representative of Wilber’s thougts vs yours.  ” the ingenious are always fanciful, and the truly imaginative never otherwise than analytic.”
+
+94. [200592b2][svg] Scotlyn says: January 19, 2023 at 2:39 pm
+
+    “If I recall correctly, Dante Alighieri was the last person in the history of the West who was able to know everything that was known by scholars in his time…”
+
+    …and even at that, he would not have been able to *also* know everything that was known in his time by peasants, and bakers, and brewers, and wheelwrights, and coopers, and smiths, and itinerant musicians, and household servants, and warriors, and….
+
+95. [1b46c2e2][svg] John Michael Greer says: January 19, 2023 at 3:13 pm
+
+    Brian, don’t worry about believing. Belief is overrated. Just remain open to the fact that your critical and rational thinking is a particular, culturally determined mode of human thought, one of many ways of approaching the world; it’s the mode that you’re used to, and it’s also the mode that you were taught to think of as the only one that matters, but it’s just one set of notions in some human minds. The world is bigger than our ideas about it will ever be.
+
+    Ian, the spiral pattern actually exists in Cabalistic thought, though Wilber’s version is oversimplified. It’s one aspect of a much more complex system, because the upward movement — the path of the serpent, as it’s called in one set of sources — balances and complements a downward movement, the path of the sword or of the lightning flash. So you’re seeing something that’s there. The difficulty with Wilber’s version is simply that it’s been dumbed down and overlinearized to fit his teleological notion of evolution. The classic version is a bit more complex:
+
+    [2617173691][svg]
+
+    Martin, exactly. Living things move out in every available direction, they don’t march along a single path. So do systems of every other kind, including human societies.
+
+    Collie, that seems like a very reasonable description to me, and on more than the material plane.  The one detail I’d add is that, as in the inflating-balloon metaphor, every so often something happens that makes it possible for the dynamism to outweigh the status quo — when a land bridge opens or some combination of adaptations comes together and allows species into a new environment, for example. Then you have a lot of change in a hurry, followed by a settling back into stability.
+
+    Chris, if I recall correctly, most individual species of dinosaur only lasted for a few million years — it was the whole order of Dinosauria that endured over the long term. In the same way, I wonder how long the hominids will make it, taking on various forms over the ages to come.
+
+    Yorkshire, of course. It’s entertaining to compare this to the writings of Christian environmentalists, who are just as concerned with finding something to support their views in their holy scriptures.
+
+    Abraham, nah, I stopped taking Januaries off a couple of years ago; too much is happening these days. As for Wilber, the notion that everything but the latest development has to be rejected is the keystone of the mythology of progress — and I’m sure you know there are plenty of Transhumanist types who are in fact trying to ditch their physical bodies in favor of hypothetical robot bodies. It’s all very consistent; most kinds of lunacy are.
+
+    Yorkshire, now there’s an experiment worth trying. 😉
+
+    Dave, oh, granted: “The Tao that can be described is not the eternal Tao.” But attempting to unscrew the inscrutable is an enduring occupational hazard among philosophers.
+
+    Justin, equating different theories of everything with different glass bead games strikes me as exceptionally useful — well, at least for Hesse geeks!
+
+    Tony, only if you’re also willing to pay attention to how it devolves and shrinks…
+
+    Justin, most organisms and most societies are in locked grooves, and for good reason: if you find something that works, it’s usually a good idea to keep doing it. It’s only when things stop working that variation becomes an advantage. We happen to live in such a time.
+
+    David BTL, that’s an excellent point. It takes a great deal of faith — meaning here not belief but trust — to simply accept that the universe doubtless has its own agenda, which we can’t begin to understand, and that our lives are doubtless part of that even when that’s hidden from us. As for the ternary, good! Very good. I’d encourage you to keep exploring this.
+
+    Clay, fascinating. I’m not at all surprised — the self-congratulations of the managerial classes over their own supposed superiority to everyone else have become a shrill scream of outrage these days, but they used to be more smug.
+
+    Celadon, that works; within the medieval Christian view, Grace perfects Nature, but it doesn’t necessarily do so in a way that we can anticipate, since the Divine is always superior to our understanding. That allows novelty as a product of Grace and Nature working together — just as, in Tolkien’s creation myth, the music of the Valar took up the best bits of Melkor’s discords and incorporated them into its own theme.
+
+    Greco, that’s a good point. What if it’s dolphins who are the real cutting edge of evolution on earth, and we’re just an interesting sideshow? Or, let’s say, what if the intelligence of the global microbial biome as a unity is the real deal, and we were evolved purely because it didn’t want ice ages any more and decided to encourage the evolution of some clever monkeys to dig up some carbon and burn it?
+
+    Clark, I’m tentatively planning on turning these posts on enchantment into a book, but we’ll see.  As for a top 10, are you talking the ten books I’d recommend for a child to read as he grows, or the 10 books I’d want an adult to read? Those lists are emphatically not the same.
+
+    Thomas, yes, I’m perfectly well aware of what the word “teleology” means. So? I’m far from sure what point you’re trying to make with the rest of this.
+
+    Other Owen, I like it! That hypothetical theorem of yours strikes me as very sensible. As for the problem with N True Ways, I tend to think of it as an astrological factor. The Piscean age was emphatically the age of One True Way, and that’s why so much of its bloodshed was a product of intolerant ideologies — religious, secular, you name it. The ego rush of thinking that there’s one truth and you’ve got it is addictive, and difficult for many people to let go of.
+
+    Jacques, the very short form is that Campbell is too deeply committed to the Western worldview of his time to really be fair to myths and legends that diverge from it; the last chapter or so of Oriental Mythology, where he lambastes Asian myths for lacking in hope, was frankly embarrassing.  He was also far too fond of reading his own ideas into stories — the monomyth is of course the supreme example. As for how to live once you let go of the myth of progress, why, I’ve written a book about that; its title is After Progress, and iirc it’s still readily available.
+
+    David, hmm! Yes, that works very well.
+
+    Anonymous, yes, exactly. Exactly.
+
+    JustMe, thanks for this. That’s right, it’s Poe’s birthday today! The quote’s spot on.
+
+    Scotlyn, of course. I doubt even at the bottom end of dark ages, when human knowledge is at its lowest ebb, anyone has ever been able to know everything known by everyone in their own community. It’s purely within a single trade, such as scholarship or homemaking, that the occasional genius can know everything that’s currently available to be known.
+
+96. [d8fedf7e][svg] Patricia Mathews says: January 19, 2023 at 3:39 pm
+
+    @True Thomas #66, who wrote “7 like 1 will be individualistic and 8 like 2 will be group oriented.” I immediately thought “Uranus and Neptune?”
+
+97. [d8fedf7e][svg] Patricia Mathews says: January 19, 2023 at 3:50 pm
+
+    @Abraham #74, relevant to Wilber – I’ve reached a stage in my Occult Philosophy workbook where we’re dealing with the upper vs lower regions of the astral plane, and immediately hit a knot.  “The lower astral plane corresponds to the bodily passions…” and the goal of operating on the higher astral plane. First gut response “Then do I have to give up my Earth Gods? A religion that urges us to enjoy the physical things of this earth?”
+
+    Well, of course, reason tells me that, if the Lower Astral is also a repository for all that is corrupt and discarded, the remark about the passions of the body can be interpreted as “being ruled by them.” Which of course triggered a reference to a classic 7-fold list of names for being ruled by such things …Gluttony, Lust, Wrath….
+
+    Even so, gut instinct is still crying out “Are you saying the ideal is a monk or a nun?” As you said, “Should we abandon the emotions that have kept us alive when we weren’t paying attention?  Should we ignore that we are physical and emotional when making logical reasoning about people?  If so, then let the teleologist show how he can do that and maybe I will consider following.”
+
+98. [228dab3b][svg] wilnav says: January 19, 2023 at 3:55 pm
+
+    JMG replied: Wilnav, if that’s the myth that appeals to you, by all means. I suggest that meiotic sex is worthwhile from the biological point of view precisely because it maximizes genetic diversity and variation; it’s not accidental that once organisms started having sex, evolution kicked into overdrive!
+
+    Comment: Lynn Margulis and Dorian Sagan also expressed the view you share as do I. They did point out that meiotic sex was also a very expensive process and suggested (at least to me) there may be more to it (evolutionarily speaking) than just diversity and variation.
+
+    Are you aware of the Oxygen Holocaust. It happened a bit more than 2 billion years ago. Dr. Lynn Margulis a collaborator with James Lovelock who first suggested the Gaia Hypothesis (now accepted as a valid scientific theory) describes the catastrophe indicated by the fossil record.
+
+    From Slanted Truths Lynn Margulis and Dorian Saga © 1977 See also Microcosmos by Lynn Margulis and Dorian Sagan. University California Press © 1986 chpt 6
+
+    Slanted Truths pg 39 > The kind of bacterium that accommodated the other symbionts in its interior may have been one similar to Thermoplasma, a tough microorganism living in acidic hot springs. Like all other bacteria, Thermoplasma has DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm, the jelly-like substance of the cell. (Eukaryotic DNA, in contrast, is bundled into dark rod-shaped structures, or chromosomes, which in tum are enclosed in the nuclear membrane.) Yet Thermoplasma and its relatives differ from most other bacteria. Their DNA is coated with a protein similar to the histones that form the scaffolding of chromosomes in eukaryotes and they lack cell walls.  Histones are conspicuously absent from other kinds of bacteria. Some hardy bacterium resembling Thermoplasma may have been the ancestor, which acquired additional metabolic abilities wholesale by taking in other bacteria. These microbial interactions took place at a critical juncture in the history of life. Before two billion years ago there was little oxygen in the atmosphere, but as photosynthetic bacteria (including the cyanobacterial precursors of the chloroplasts) spread, the concentration of this gas rose. Oxygen, a poison to most of the microorganisms that represented the universe of life at the time, spurred the evolution of respiration. Tough, wallless Thermoplasma-like ancestors, now motile, took up respiring bacteria through their membranes, probably after surviving invasion by these aggressors. Thus these swimming consortia gained a way of removing any oxygen that penetrated their membranes and, in the long term, a new way of deriving energy. Equipped with the precursors of mitochondria, the new symbiotic complexes spread into environments neither component organism could have colonized.
+
+    Slanted Truths pg 76 to 78> The combination of more powerful microscopes, molecular biology, and modern genetics and paleontology has enabled scientists to refine taxonomic distinctions to the level of genes and proteins. These sophisticated methods upset the old biolOgical dichotomy. It is indisputable that all life on Earth today derived from common ancestors; the first to evolve-and the last to be studied in detail-are tiny, oxygen-eschewing bacteria. So significant are bacteria and their evolution that the fundamental division in life forms is not that between plants and animals, but between prokaryotes (bacteria)-organisms composed of small cells with no nuclear membrane surrounding their genes and eukaryotes (all other life forms, including humans, composed of cells with those nuclear membranes). In the first two billion years of life on Earth, bacteria-the only inhabitants continuously transformed the Earth’s surface and atmosphere, and invented all of life’s essential, miniaturized chemical systems. Their ancient biotechnology led to fermentation, photosynthesis, oxygen breathing, and the fixing of atmospheric nitrogen into proteins. It also led to worldwide crises of bacterial population expansion, starvation, and pollution long before the dawn of larger forms of life.
+
+    Bacteria survived these crises because of special abilities that eukaryotes lack and that add whole new dimensions to the dynamics of evolution. First, bacteria can routinely transfer their genes to bacteria very different from themselves. The receiving bacterium can use the visiting, accessory DNA (the cell’s genetic material) to perform functions that its own genes cannot mandate. Bacteria can exchange genes qUickly and reversibly, in part because they live in densely populated communities. Consequently, unlike other life, all the world’s bacteria have access to a Single gene pool and hence to the adaptive mechanisms of the entire bacterial kingdom. (This extreme genetic fluidity makes the concept of species of bacteria meaningless.) The result is a planet made fertile and inhabitable for larger life forms by a worldwide system of communicating, gene- exchanging bacteria.
+
+    Bacteria also have a remarkable capacity to combine their bodies with other organisms, forming alliances that may become permanent. Fully 10 percent of our own dry weight consists of bacteria, some of which such as those microorganisms in our intestines that produce vitamin B 12 -we cannot live without. Mitochondria live inside our cells but reproduce at different times using different methods from the rest of the host cell. They are descendants of ancient, oxygen-using bacteria. Either engulfed as prey or invading as parasites, these bacteria then took up residence inside foreign cells, forming an uneasy alliance that provided waste disposal and oxygen-derived energy in return for food and shelter. Without mitochondria, the nucleated plant or animal cell cannot breathe and therefore dies.
+
+    This symbiogenesis, the merging of organisms into new collectives, is a major source of evolutionary change on Earth.The results of these first mergers were protoctists, our most recent, most important-and most ignored-microbial ancestors. Protoctists invented our kind of digestion, movement, visual, and other sensory systems. They came up with speciation, cannibalism, genes organized on chromosomes, and the ability to make hard parts (like teeth and skeletons). These complex microscopic beings and their descendants even developed the first male and female genders, and our kind of cell-fusing sexuality involving penetration of an egg by a sperm. …
+
+    Slanted Truths pg 82 > Those who speak only for the special interests of human beings fail to see how interdependent life on Earth really is. We cannot view evolutionary history in a balanced manner if we think of it only as a four-billion year preparation for “higher” organisms, such as humans. Most of life’s history has been microbial. We are recombinations of the metabolic processes of bacteria that appeared during the accumulation of atmospheric oxygen some two thousand million years ago. Intellectually we separate ourselves from the rest of life, yet without it we would sink in feces and choke on the carbon dioxide we exhale. Like rats, we have done well separating ourselves from and exploiting other forms of life, but our delusions will not last.
+
+    Humans underestimate what we owe the microcosmos. Gaia which by microbial mass dwarfs animal and plant mass sustains us. Without the microcosmos/Gaia we would not exist. Dr. Lynn Margulis (deceased) asks us to understand our place. Bacteria have developed at least 20 metabolic pathways, humans to date none. They have done much more. There is no mineral they cannot work. I was surprised recently learning that bacteria can even work with radioactive substances (on this I do remain strongly skeptical).
+
+99. [84c18aad][svg] Jay Pine says: January 19, 2023 at 3:59 pm
+
+    I’m guessing you’re more a circles and spirals kinda guy than linear, JMG, what with the twists and turns. 🙂 I’m off to read on Kant and Schopenhauer’s take on time and space – thanks for the prompt. It is rather easy to fall into the accepted view and I guess doing a carefully chosen 180 once in a while is probably better than one forced upon one’s self.
+
+100. [b494dfa2][svg] Chris at Fernglade Farm says: January 19, 2023 at 4:12 pm
+
+    Hi John Michael,
+
+    Ah, of course, and thanks for the correction. An intriguing thought. 🙂 If I dare but look into my crystal ball, what I see of the future varieties is that they’ll be smaller for a start than today – mostly. We’ve burned through a lot of soil minerals in order to bloom and dumped them in the ocean, and that will have a cost and take a long time to repair. Minerals will have to be slowly recovered from the oceans, but then global warming might achieve a bit of that – for free!  Some volcanically active areas near to the equator may sustain quite large populations, but again boom and bust. We might have to give up some of the dexterity of our hands and fingers for strength, and physical skills may dominate the culture. Some of our ancestor varieties had bigger brains didn’t they? That might be a factor, certainly there will be other critters wanting to eat too, so we’ll be kept on our toes. Technology needn’t look like it does today, and you’d hope we were smart enough to produce more robust items than much of the garbage which gets produced today. I’d have to suggest it would be quite an interesting time to be alive, certainly more engaging with the environment than today, and respectful of it.
+
+    Hey, did you notice that the Germans are getting back into coal again? Mate, the troubles I’ve had recently with batteries are alarming. Had to modify the batteries here due to what appears to be a design issue – always exciting with a side serving of a possible explosion. Fortunately I’m careful, but that aspect of the job made me sweat. Felt like an old school safe cracker! 😉 These new LiFePO4 batteries are a good technology, but far out if things go wrong… Old school sealed gel lead acid batteries don’t work as well, but candidly were safer. But overall, batteries are a very mature technology, I must say that I annoyingly regularly spoken at by folks who believe that things are otherwise, and there’ll be easy gains for the technology, you just wait and see!  I’m sure you’ve also encountered such folks? 😉
+
+    Cheers
+
+    Chris
+
+101. [a4662275][svg] Chuaquin says: January 19, 2023 at 4:13 pm
+
+    “The “something else,” in turn, is what philosophers call teleology: the insistence that evolution marches ahead in a straight line toward some predetermined goal.”
+
+    This teleology should include Teilhard de Chardin’s, what do you think about his Christian Evolution?
+
+102. [136ebd74][svg] Clark says: January 19, 2023 at 4:27 pm
+
+    Lets go with the top 10 reading list for children for now. I will save the adult top 10 for the open post, unless you care to indulge me now. 🙂
+
+103. [e1c0cd68][svg] DennisG says: January 19, 2023 at 4:43 pm
+
+    Frank Visser’s website was originally called The World of Ken Wilber. He was taken by Ken’s presentation as many of us were then. His ‘disenchantment’ with Ken began with an interview that became a book. Frank was willing to look critically at lapses, errors, and contradictions in his theory. Wilber’s authoritative PhD tone could not cover for his actual Bachelor of Science biology degree and high school presentation of material evolution. Super credit to Visser who soon turned his website into and honest and multifaceted critique of integral theory and more. I have not visited in over a decade but it is nice to discover it is still up at https:// integralworld.net/ and is well worth a visit.
+
+    JMG, does the M stand for Magellan? Mercator? Awesome map presentations. Thank you.
+
+104. [773c8a48][svg] David, by the lake says: January 19, 2023 at 4:45 pm
+
+    @ Other Owen #88
+
+    Not quite what you were talking about, but your comment brought to mind Godel’s two incompleteness theorems (courtesy of Wikipedia, emphasis added):
+
+    The first incompleteness theorem states that no consistent system of axioms whose theorems can be listed by an effective procedure (i.e., an algorithm) is capable of proving all truths about the arithmetic of natural numbers. For any such consistent formal system, there will always be statements about natural numbers that are true, but that are unprovable within the system. The second incompleteness theorem, an extension of the first, shows that the system cannot demonstrate its own consistency.
+
+105. [e1c0cd68][svg] DennisG says: January 19, 2023 at 5:02 pm
+
+    I would like to add that Wilber’s peak and turn was marked by a controversial association with Andrew Cohen (What is Enlightenment magazine), an ill considered endorsment of Adi Da (Franklin Jones), and a vicious response to integral theory critics.
+
+    I see a reference to Spiral Dynamics in the comments. And don’t forget the cultural creatives who are going to lead us to utopia if we can just stop birthing so many ignorant religious people.
+
+106. [f310a94f][svg] Gassalasca Jape, SJ says: January 19, 2023 at 5:21 pm
+
+    I’ve never seen you mention Eric Voegelin, but he’s very relevant to your topics here. You and your readers might find him helpful and enjoyable as a philosopher of consciousness and history who also accepted the title of “mystic philosopher.” Mark Lilla has given Voegelin pretty fair summary treatment in a chapter of The Rudderless Mind, basically a reprint of his NYRB article you can find online: “Mr. Casaubon in America.”
+
+    Voegelin developed the most reasonable, sustained examination of the structure of consciousness within historical civilizations through the way they symbolized “order,” although he came up with a normative model based on the ancient Greeks and Hebrews. After scrapping a multivolume Eurocentric history of political ideas (which was posthumously published), he left his masterwork, Order and History, unfinished with the final volume acting as a partial revision/ retraction of what came earlier. Ultimately, Voegelin realized the importance of China to his project and moved to break completely from a western-focused study. His approach to “the order of history emerging from the history of order” as experienced and symbolized by imperial civilizations is brilliant and will inoculate readers against frauds like Wilber.
+
+    This all came to mind with your mention of Joachim of Fiore, whom Voegelin took as the first in a long line of modern “gnostics” imposing their eschatologies on history — radical Calvinists, Marxists, the Nazis. It was unfair to actual gnostics and stretched the category a bit much in a polemical direction (as Voegelin later regretted), but the general idea of modern teleological thinking about history as a species of secularized Christian heresy is a good one. This was pretty common among Voegelin’s contemporaries who all worked over this ground: Löwith, Taubes, Schmitt, Jonas — also Norman Cohn. Löwith is probably the origin of the idea.
+
+    Hegel, of course, is the source of the modern affliction or addiction to “ersatz religion” as Voegelin put it. Behind Marx and all the rest lies Hegel’s teleologies which are impossible to understand apart from triumphalist North Atlantic Protestant theology before and certainly after him, especially in the forms of progressivist and technologic Liberalism. Still today, few modern minds seem able to think outside of Hegel.
+
+    Without an idol of a predestined and certain future or the announcement we’ve reached the “end of history” people lose their nerve in the face of bland “Last Man” standards of living confusion and chaos they can’t control. Sometimes their panicked responses lead to activism and the narcissistic idea that history needs them to find its rudder and lean into it. Reactionary religious conservatives in the States are noted for their long periods of quietism when they believe there’s no point in meddling with the course of history since they know the ending (they win and everything/everyone else burns) followed by periods when they feel existentially threatened and become zealously engaged in political or politicized cultural projects. It is all so full of warlike, nationalist, 19thC Herrenvolk dominance-seeking pettiness, the only good thing to be said for it is that such naked radicalism exposes all teleological, eschatalogical ideologies for what they are: Volkstheologie. Who will prevail in the end and be proven “right?” It’s insane,
+
+    Your correspondent Rod Dreher seems to be of this ilk — like Catholics who lose their confidence “the gates of Hell shall not prevail” when the current pope is not to their liking (etc) suddenly all kinds of activism and searching for “where the puck’s going to be” animates them. This certainly creates a market, and audience, and maybe a cult, but it bears all the symptoms of heresy and narcissism. Ironically, the greatest modern critic and healer for Hegelian delusions was the Swiss Calvinist theologian, Karl Barth. His Church Dogmatics got him invited to the Second Vatican Council and are indeed a tremendous ecumenical masterpiece. The volume on Creation has a large section on Providence where the right and wrong ways to think about history and one’s little momentary place in it are laid out in a deep and often entertaining fashion.
+
+107. [228dab3b][svg] wilnav says: January 19, 2023 at 5:23 pm
+
+    Good day Abraham,
+
+    I share your sentiment here:
+
+    I have deep concerns about AI and its sibling Transhumanism. The root of my concern is we become enamored with tech and stop, connecting and learning what being human and being a part of Gaia is.
+
+    Alpha Go is an AI neural net program that beat the Korean raining Go Champion Lee Sedol in March 2016. But Lee could have beat it easily by unplugging it. He could have cheated etc. He could have used all the ways that humanity is cheated by Corporate and Global banking interests to name a mere two. But Lee Sedol is very ethical and played honestly.  He won 1 game out of 5.
+
+    Consider the Polynesian Navigators. “Hawaiki Rising is the saga of an astonishing revival of indigenous culture by voyagers who took hold of the old story and sailed deep into their ancestral past. (Sam Low author of Hawikee Rising)”. The Polynesians navigated the entire Pacific Ocean without sextant, tables, math models, etc. They did it by being connected deeply to the Ocean, Islands, Sky, Sun Moon Stars. If there hadn’t been a few of the nearly extinct masters of navigation, the modern man and scientist would never have believed an ability like that was possible.
+
+    We as humans don’t even know who or what we are. Yet we chase the externalization of one aspect of humanity and make of it a god. We used to model for our children and require of them behavior that was respectful of the other kids and/or brothers and sisters in the family.  Yet at the international level nations cannot behave as they require their citizens to. And we rush to teach AI how to think and act.
+
+    Each interaction an individual has with AI is teaching AI far more about you than you are learning about AI.
+
+    AI said this about oxygen and Gaia: “For example, plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen, which is necessary for other organisms to survive. ”
+
+    Actually this is particular function is late in the evolution of Gaia/Earth. Cyanobacteria are among those bacteria who break the water molecule to use hydrogen and release oxygen. They do this at room temperature. To date humans (after decades of study) cannot crack the H2O molecule with a net energy gain. If you wish you can buy the book below to find out more:
+
+    Microcosmos Four Billion Years of Microbial Evolution Chpt 6. The Oxygen Holocaust
+
+108. [6c657d3a][svg] Tony C says: January 19, 2023 at 5:26 pm
+
+    @JMG I think Wilber has made useful contributions, and also errors, like saying that consciousness progress is inevitable, which you have pointed to repeatedly.
+
+    Dissolution is part of life, like the ancient Mayas experienced, and more recently the Tibetans who lost their land.
+
+109. [228dab3b][svg] wilnav says: January 19, 2023 at 5:37 pm
+
+    Hi Greco,
+
+    > Imagine a meteor strike putting an end to the whole scheme. Etc. The end of the evolutionary rainbow. Everybody back to base color.
+
+    As you know there was one about 65 million years ago. While birds are descendants to dinosaurs, there are no Tyrannosaurs rumbling around now. I read somewhere there was no evidence that nature does a redo. Once done for example with the dinosaurs, nature moved on.
+
+110. [228dab3b][svg] wilnav says: January 19, 2023 at 5:58 pm
+
+    Hi Other Owen,
+
+    Perhaps N true ways approaches infinity ∞, even here on Earth. That is if all of life is finding it true way of being. When one sees roots of plants etc. or the neurons of the body and brain, it conjures up a dynamic conception of omniscience. How? At each moment through out the multi verse, intelligence however one wants to define it is learning sensing etc.Then omniscience is a dynamic process of all intelligence. At each moment it know all there is to know. That is if omniscience is a thing.
+
+111. [ebf7ac88][svg] Koyaanisqatsi says: January 19, 2023 at 7:03 pm
+
+    Brunette: A little while ago I had stopped for gas and went in to the convenience store to ask for directions. Between the attendant/cashier and the three young guys standing in line fiddling with their cell phones, (all professing to be locals) not a one of them knew what town was to the east, nor what direction east was, nor even the name of the highway out of town! (“I just follow the turns my phone tells me.”) I suspect that being able to read a map is becoming a kind of specialized secret knowledge, and possessing an actual map is becoming so unusual that actual paper maps will in the future be prized possessions. (sigh…)
+
+112. [67dd4209][svg] Murmuration says: January 19, 2023 at 8:36 pm
+
+    JMG, I’ve been doing a bit of catch up on your posts and was delighted to find out that you’ve started a series on enchantment. I have to say, I’m about as excited to see you discuss this as anything you’ve done yet. I’ve mentioned a few times here and there that this year my primary focus is on re-enchanting my own life, as my chosen method to wrestle with all of the fallout discussed in your Open Post series. I’m really looking forward to following along. I can’t wait to click the buy button when this series finally reaches book form.
+
+    Your balloon metaphor was very helpful. The previous mental model I’d used for evolution looked like a piece of paper that had been lit on fire in the center. If you look closely, the burning edges are a little mandlebrot fractal, racing out through time and space exploring different regions of the paper as they go, similar to evolution exploring the space allotted to it. The room filling balloon is somewhat how I imagine a lifetime. The whole room exists at all times, but we explore different sections of it in some sort of linear way. Just because we are looking at the wall now, doesn’t mean the floor or ceiling cease to exist. Eventually we explore the whole space, the room of our life, and we are done, off to whatever it turns out to be is next.  What this entity is, the focused conscious awareness in THIS time and THIS place and THIS body, moving from moment to moment…well, that ‘awareness in time’ is much foggier for me. I haven’t yet been able to grok the mechanics of how awareness came to be, and why it developed a progressive sense of time. Why is the flow so unidirectional, cases of the weird and paranormal notwithstanding. I feel like your earlier exercises in awareness brought me a bit closer, but closer to what? I don’t know. The closer I seem to get to understanding ‘awareness’, the faster it seems to recede.
+
+    I appreciate your comment to Jeff (and his comment originally) about the Cosmic Doctrine. I was raised in an extended family that was influenced by ideas like spiral dynamics, and the ideas that it was based upon. As you were explaining Fortune’s take on the Divine Sparks passing through various initiatory experiences in their rise up and down the planes, at the time it sounded a lot like spiral dynamics. I’ll have to go back now and reread, and consider how it may in fact differ from this initial interpretation. When I ponder the general concept of spiritual evolution, I hit a block sometimes as regards the purpose. Physical beings in the material world clearly have benefits from the process of evolution. What benefit do spiritual beings receive I wonder? Why does the Tao or God, which is presumably whole and complete, need to evolve at all, or fragment into a multitude of beings both material and spiritual, which feel the need to evolve in some way? Sheer boredom and distraction at eternity?
+
+    Anyway, thanks again for the gift of these posts, and the forthcoming series.
+
+    Murmuration
+
+113. [5110c7cf][svg] pyrrhus says: January 19, 2023 at 9:00 pm
+
+    Natural selection is a strictly mathematical process..When a mutation occurs to our DNA, and when it is beneficial (which means only that it could cause our DNA to be passed to more offspring), (Cochran gives a 1 x 10-4 chance of that), it then has to pass three hurdles…First, the carrier has to have offspring, and the mutation must be passed to them..Second, at least some of the offspring must survive long enough to pass the gene on to their offspring, if any…Third, this must happen often enough that the gene gets fixed in a substantial part of the population, such that random deaths can’t extinguish it…The mutated gene must usually provide a significant advantage, at least with respect to mating, for this to happen…This makes the simultaneous transmission of two or more traits exceedingly improbable, and doesn’t account for the appearance of many new species…Hybridization could account for some, perhaps… The notion that such evolution is “directed” therefore assumes supernatural intervention…which academics aren’t going to admit..  It’s interesting that the advent of blue eyes, which geneticists say only appeared about 10,000 years ago and spread at amazing speed in Europeans, indicates a huge survival advantage…Or is it just that potential mates greatly prefer blue eyes?
+
+114. [9cfeeb3a][svg] Kfish says: January 19, 2023 at 9:25 pm
+
+    Re: Cartography – there’s still quite a few enthusiastic cartographers out there, drawing, painting and embroidering maps as works of art. There’s also an enthusiastic community of map fans online discussing how the way each map is drawn emphasises some features of the territory and masks others. Maps as symbols and artworks, it’s great!
+
+115. [e8a23178][svg] Dylan says: January 19, 2023 at 9:31 pm
+
+    JMG, so noted! I see there’s a lot more to evolutionary genetics than meets the eye.
+
+    I’ll look forward to the post on Barfield and the Theosophy/Anthroposophy stream of thought. I have long thought that the main difference between you and most other occult writers I’ve read (and who are mostly recommendations from you) is your view of cosmic teleology. I seem to remember the closing words of the Archdruid Report making that point rather succinctly. This is shaping up to be a great series of posts.
+
+116. [f6be17d4][svg] Ashvin says: January 19, 2023 at 10:10 pm
+
+    @JMG – are you familiar with Michael Levin and his evolutionary models? The general idea is that the laws of reality do not exist only at the particle level but every scale-level introduces something unique which is not reducible to another level.
+
+    https://i.ibb.co/J7635dr/image.png (Evolution Pivots Mechanisms into new Spaces)
+
+    This directly challenges the CGOL view, where all phenomena only exist on a single level of causality. As far as the CGOL system is concerned, it is completely irrelevant whether the pixels are arranged in the shape of a functioning computer, as a functional car, or as random noise. We can run the rules on our own device, or we can use paper and pencil and run the rules ourselves by hand. We don’t need to understand that the pixels are arranged in a particular way, we don’t need to understand how the simulated products of CGOL works. We can be completely myopic and go through the cells one by one, apply the rules and produce the next frame. The CGOL computer will run just fine.
+
+    https://youtu.be/WfuhbI8HE7s (Game of life: computer with display)
+
+    This is the mainstream way in which biological life is seen today – as emerging from purely physical interactions. The laws of physics are considered to be exactly the same in the biological cell and the stone. Nature is completely myopic, it doesn’t ‘know’ that its particle-pixels are arranged in the shape of an organism instead of a computer. It simply runs the rules that transform them from frame to frame. In reductionism, it is all the same whether the particles are arranged in the shape of these organisms or they are simply a homogeneous soup of chemicals. Life doesn’t exist as some ‘thing’ from the reductionistic perspective. It’s just a name that we, conscious beings, give to certain patterns of pixels.
+
+    People like Michael Levin explore something much different – that there are levels of lawfulness in Nature. The higher levels bend the space of possibilities for the lower levels. If we measure the behavior of the particles in a dead cell we would find statistical randomness, just like we find in Brownian motion. If we could measure the behavior of molecules in a living cell it would be discovered that each molecule moves according to slightly modified statistics. This is the higher order lawfulness which bends the configuration space of the lower. And of course, the lower works back on the higher. Levin realized that a single level of rules (like CGOL or fundamental physics) cannot account for the higher order dynamics. Instead, there’s a musical orchestration between levels which operate at different levels of abstraction, so to speak.
+
+    As is probably evident, such models point right back at dynamics such as Wilber et al pursue, the ceaseless involution and evolution of consciousness.
+
+117. [2741dcc8][svg] Aldarion says: January 19, 2023 at 10:15 pm
+
+    It feels good to look forward to a long sequence of connected essays! Until today, I was blissfully unaware of Wilber‘s existence, but I can vividly imagine comments by onething, God bless her soul.
+
+118. [49704606][svg] Ron M says: January 19, 2023 at 10:17 pm
+
+    This essay produced two distinctly different reactions within me.
+
+    One was a “light bulb” moment. For decades now I have rolled my eyes whenever I hear people say “I’m not religious, I’m spiritual” in a rather smug way. Perhaps I am dense, but I have never understood why a person would feel superior when advertising themselves as “spiritual, not religious”. But when I read the description of Wilbur’s supposed structures of consciousness in this week’s essay, it all made sense. To be “religious” means to belong to the backward, antiquated “mythic” structure, while to be “spiritual” means to belong to the advanced, still-forming “post-mental” structure. In a sense, the self-satisfied claimant is stating that they are on the “right side of evolution”. I can practically hear them say “religion is soooo Neanderthal” under their breath. (An aside: back in the days when my eyesight was declining but I was not yet wearing glasses, I swore that I saw a church sign that said “Reformed Neanderthals Church”; my better-sighted friend, however, corrected me, stating that it actually read “Reformed Netherlands Church”. Oh well, honest mistake!)
+
+    My other reaction was indignation. As soon as I read the descriptions of Wilbur’s structures of consciousness, it was maddeningly familiar. Over the decades I have read plenty of first-hand accounts of 19th century European explorers’ and colonists’ encounters with “the natives” in various continents: they invariably applied this system to their fellow-humans, describing them in great length as being child-like and incapable of reason (i.e., archaic, or, at best, mythical). Obviously these low-tech, dark-skinned humans were a few rungs down the evolutionary ladder in comparison to the pinnacle of human evolution: the White Man! Yes, as far as I am concerned, the whole ‘structures of consciousness’ idea is racist garbage. And it gets more personal. Such a system was applied to my ancestors during the Highland Clearances, as the law makers of the day in London seriously contemplated entirely depopulating the Scottish Highlands of its Celtic population, by whatever means necessary, and replacing them with German immigrants.  It was all very logical, you see (in the politicians’ minds): the Celtic Highlanders are a barbaric people: idle, romantic, too fond of drink and poetry and brawling (clearly still dwelling in the ‘mythical’ world); while the Germans are hard-working, rational, superior in every imaginable way (dwellers of the ‘mental’ world).
+
+    The thing that I don’t understand about this whole ‘structures of consciousness’ malarkey is if it is mapping the evolution of consciousness of our species, how it can be that we have extant human societies dwelling in each structure in modern times? Or did Wilbur conveniently cherry-pick his data and conveniently gloss over this inconvenient truth?
+
+119. [228dab3b][svg] wilnav says: January 19, 2023 at 10:30 pm
+
+    Hi Ron M,
+
+    >. To be “religious” means to belong to the backward, antiquated “mythic” structure, while to be “spiritual” means to belong to the advanced, still-forming “post-mental” structure.
+
+    That is interesting take. I never ever thought about spirituality in those terms. Being spiritual meant to allow various religious, philosophical, scientific, mystical, intuitive, and more I can’t name now to with equanimity such that they inform your psychological or spiritual life.
+
+    That is you put no tradition on a pedestal including being spiritual (which was for me always a deportment toward knowledge and experience). You are open to be informed by all of them. What you can’t take in you leave, without prejudice.
+
+120. [4a8ac907][svg] Hackenschmidt says: January 19, 2023 at 10:44 pm
+
+    Coincidentally, a memory from a social media site popped up today where I was joking about the TV series Punisher (this will be relevant, bear with me), and a friend had commented that there was a campaign to stop the show because he resolves problems with guns. An unfair slur – he also uses knives, his fists, bits of broken glass, a dumbbell, and whatever else comes to hand!
+
+    “It’s just a TV show, who cares,” someone said, and I replied,
+
+    A TV show is looked at and thought about for the same reason books are: it’s an expression of the culture we’re in, and some people like that expression, some don’t, while others still just find it interesting.
+
+    For example, in the 1980s criminal gangs in movies were all multiracial. At that time, Hollywood was trying to become less racist, or at least pretend to do so, and so they presented gangs that rarely exist in reality.
+
+    In the first episode of the second season of the Punisher, a good number of the criminal thugs were women. At this time, Hollywood is trying to become less sexist, or at least pretend to do so, and so they present thugs that rarely exist in reality.
+
+    All media, whether visual, audio or written, is an expression of culture and values. It can be interesting to think, “What are they really trying to say? And what are they saying without meaning to?” By going a bit deeper into things we gain a new appreciation of them. That’s why some people sit for hours looking at a picture in the art gallery, they’re someone who knows the history and notices tiny details you or I wouldn’t.
+
+    This doesn’t mean that Media Studies is a useful degree, of course. What it does mean is all narratives presented to you, from Aesop’s Fables to a 1980s action movie, are presented to you trying to shape your worldview – and tell you how to think and behave.
+
+    And I imagine that’ll be where JMG is going with this, that this philosopher’s teleology is part-and-parcel of the whole Western “progress is inevitable!” thing.
+
+121. [228dab3b][svg] wilnav says: January 19, 2023 at 10:47 pm
+
+    Hi Pyrrhus,
+
+    I provide this link to add to your repertoire. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19399544/ It is about symbiogenesis. There is much more. Lynn Margulis championed in the modern era while giving credit to the many biologist that originated the idea and had that idea rejected.
+
+    peace
+
+122. [1b46c2e2][svg] John Michael Greer says: January 19, 2023 at 11:21 pm
+
+    Wilnav, oh, doubtless sex has more functions than its role in generating wild diversity. What we know for sure is that it does generate that. I’m rather partial to Eugene McCarthy’s Stabilization Theory, which holds that the very occasional successful cross-species hybridization plays an important role in putting genetic variation into overdrive. (McCarthy is one of the world’s top experts in cross-species hybridization among birds, where it occurs tolerably often, so he’s not just shoveling smoke.) Among other things, Stabilization Theory answers the argument that there isn’t enough time for ordinary genetic variation plus selection to yield the diversity of living things we see, as it involves whole buckets of variation entering populations at random intervals via succesful hybridization with other species.
+
+    Jay, I am indeed. I’m not even that comfortable with mathematically smooth spirals.
+
+    Chris, I have indeed encountered the people who insist that no matter how mature a technology is, dramatic breakthroughs are right around the corner just because we want them. Sigh…
+
+    Chuaquin, I read The Phenomenon of Man for the first time forty years ago, and I’ve read it several times since. I find it intriguing but unsatisfactory, and not just because of its over-the-top teleology. I may have to deal with it in an essay sometime.
+
+    Clark, the ten books I read over and over again most obsessively in childhood, and would encourage you to consider for your son and any future children, are (in no particular order):
+
+    – Norse Gods and Giants by the D’Aulaires – The Hobbit (of course!) by J.R.R. Tolkien – The Weirdstone of Brisingamen by Alan Garner – The Chronicles of Prydain by Lloyd Alexander (5 books) – The Five Sons of King Pandu by Elizabeth Seeger – The Last Unicorn by Peter Beagle
+
+    All of them are well suited for reading aloud, a chapter at a time, to children — and that’s a habit I would very strongly encourage you to take up if you haven’t done so alread.
+
+    Dennis, I was certainly impressed with Visser’s analysis. As for La De Da — er, excuse me, Adi Da — and the cultural creatives, well, yeah.
+
+    Gassalasca, thank you for this. I’m familiar with Voegelin — I was introduced to him by one of my two main occult teachers, and will be revisiting Order and History as I proceed with the current project. (I’ve got to finish reviewing Barfield and Jean Gebser, and then make another pass through René Guénon, in order to get the current set of thoughts in order; then it’s on to Vico and beyond him to more interesting pastures.) Your comments about Hegel and the secular para-Christianities that unfolded out of his work are very much in keeping with one of the directions I plan on exploring, however, and have already done so to some extent in my book After Progress. I confess I’ve never looked at Barth — as I’m not a Christian, quite a bit of the literature has gone zooming past me, for obvious reasons.
+
+    Tony, as Wilber himself has noted, nobody is smart enough to be wrong all the time. I’m quite sure some of his ideas will turn out to be of value; I simply focused on one narrow element of his thought which bears on the theme I intend to develop.
+
+    Murmuration, one of the things that interests me most in the Cosmic Doctrine and more generally in occult thought is the idea that the Divine also evolves, unfolding new aspects and manifestations of its own self-knowledge over time. As I see it, it’s not that the Divine needs to evolve — it’s that it chooses freely to evolve as part of the dance between creator and creation.
+
+    Pyrrhus, to my mind that’s an exceedingly oversimplified, almost caricatured, description of natural selection. Among other things, selection pressures have been pushing for the last two billion years toward more efficient methods of generating beneficial mutations!
+
+    Kfish, delighted to hear this.
+
+    Dylan, glad to hear it. Yeah, I have an allergy toward simplistic notions of teleology. It gets complex when we factor in the awkward detail that time is one of the basic forms of human subjectivity, not a property of the objective universe — but within the world of representations, defined by space, time, and consciousness, one thing the world fails to present to us is any kind of linear teleology.
+
+    Ashvin, no, I haven’t looked into that yet.
+
+    Aldarion, oh, I know. I miss her presence in these discussions; may she be blessed.
+
+    Ron, ha! If there were a church of Reformed Neanderthals anywhere near here I’d probably check it out, though I’d prefer the unreformed variety. More generally, yes, exactly. Keep in mind that “religious” also generally means that there are rules and teachings that you really do need to follow, while “spiritual” can and generally does mean doing whatever you like and calling it good. Of course there’s such a thing as too many rules and too much hidebound rigidity, but a spectrum consists of more than its two far ends, you know! As for the racial and cultural hierarchy hardwired into this kind of theory of “evolution,” well, yes — and yes, the Highland clearances came to my mind too. Greer is a MacGregor sept, so a bunch of my ancestors got chased out as “savages” a little ahead of most.
+
+    Hackenschmidt, that’s only one of the stops on our itinerary, and since it’s one that I’ve discussed before, it’ll be a brief stop. The Punisher’s a TV series now? I recall when it was a comic-book plagiarism of Don Pendleton’s pulp-novel series The Executioner.
+
+123. [4840f216][svg] Ian Duncombe says: January 20, 2023 at 12:19 am
+
+    Eh a snake in the grass i see! This serpent spiral imposed upon the tree is striking. I duly note the observations that as rituals evolve they become more complex as more is attached to them by generations of practioners. So I am trying to understand that a similar process has/is happening with this Tree of Life. There are so many ways of interfacing … layers of interfacing that this way of thinking provides to the student. I see how Wilber tried to layer his schema as well with giving triple meaning to the stages; albeit on a shallower scale.  How sad, in a way, that at the end of our age the best of our Faustian thinkers elect to present to us disenchanted and linear versions of deeply rooted magical systems. All to embolden us that we are still evolving towards some supreme consciousness just beyond the latest buzzword, making safe the narrow straight path that closes in ever tighter.  I think I won’t read his works past this article for now, I am too time constrained unfortunately.
+
+124. [3c0f6607][svg] Abraham says: January 20, 2023 at 3:28 am
+
+    @Patricia Mathews #97 Capital sins seems to me to be notion of not being in control of our instincts.  For every capital sin there’s an instinct that we need to have: appetite for nurturing, sex for reproduction and relationship, fear for preventing damage, the realisation of being right for knowing which way is better, seeking equity for preventing opression. And our bodies reward us with ‘feeling good’ hormones when doing the ‘survival best fit’ thing. A serotonine jet. This drug can be addictive. Again, this is good when it helps us survive, and these insticts have served us well. That we are still alive as a species is a proof.  But we know better, we know that insticts not always give the best answer to every threat, and we also know that being carried away by that gratification is a recipe for disaster.
+
+    Thus, for preventing a sin you don’t need to avoid the instinct or the gratification that comes with it. I think you can enjoy your meal and still not fall into gluttony. In fact, I think it is sage to ‘use’ your instincts: for example they can tell you whether the food you are taking is good for you by the pleasure you are feeling (except when it contains added sugars), and it will help you to eat when you have to but are not feeling like doing it.
+
+    What we need is to be observant of our feelings. If we notice ‘in time’ that we are satiated but we are still eating just because we are feeling good (a good survival instict when we don’t know if tomorrow we will find food again, but it is no longer the case), then we can ring the alarm and prevent it. If we are not observant, then we will feel bad once we are overstuffed and our health will suffer. God will not come to punish us for doing the sin: it’s us who are punishing ourselves by being carried away by our instincts and not letting our superior faculties take the reign.
+
+125. [d08bf623][svg] Tommy says: January 20, 2023 at 4:30 am
+
+    @Brunette Gardens
+
+    I just thought about this yesterday! I can barely remember how to navigate unaided by gps, even though I’ve certainly done it for two decades or so. It’s staggering how quickly a set of skills can be forgotten and be replaced by reliance on technology!
+
+    An early reminder of the perils involved occurred when car navigators where quite new and a friend of mine and I were driving home to Finland from Switzerland. We simply punched in the German port Puttgarden from where the ferries to Denmark depart and proceeded to blindly follow the navigator’s instructions, undeterred by the fact that we were clearly following a different route than when going the other direction. At two in the morning the road reached the Baltic sea, but we were definitely not at a ferry port. It turns out that in addition to Puttgarden, there is another small seaside town called Putgarten. We were in the latter, a stone’s throw away from Poland and a few hundred kilometers from the ferry!
+
+126. [d08bf623][svg] Tommy says: January 20, 2023 at 5:53 am
+
+    “the narrative structures of mythic thought aren’t a stage to be outgrown, they’re healthy and necessary elements of all human consciousness, just as much so as the discursive structures of rational thought”.
+
+    I am barely halfway through reading Iain McGilchrist’s magnum opus The Matter with Things, but I dare say that his main argument rhymes very well with this!
+
+    Regarding evolution: if I have understood my reading at all McGilchrist, interestingly, argues for some flavor of teleology, albeit decidedly not the linear, progressive, human-centric kind. As far as I understand, keeping with your house metaphor, he maintains that there must be a kind of house structure at play at the stage of variation as well. In this view random “point mutation” cannot account for the evolution of life as we see it unfold over a time scale of a billion years or so. He uses the example of the evolution of quaudrupedal animals and points out that a staggering number of simultaneous variations of just the right kind must occur for this kind of change to occur. (Not even mentioning the evolution of the eye, which has occurred independently some ten times here on earth!). For random point mutations to offer the option of quadrupedalism to the “selection house” it would, in other words, require a time scale of, perhaps, trillions instead of billions of years. I guess this view goes directly against Wolfram’s rather mechanistic take that the emergence of unfathomable complexity can be traced back to the application a few simple “rules” acting on atomistic “things”. (On the other hand, perhaps Wolfram’s approach is congruent with McGilchrist’s view that relations are ontologically more fundamental than relata?)
+
+    Anyway, to reiterate: McGilchrist proposes that there must be “something” in the evolutionary process that allows very complex and “purposeful” variations to occur all at once, as opposed to them occurring as a serendipitous combination of entirely random independent variations.  These variations are then introduced to the “selection house”.
+
+    I may be misrepresenting his case here and I hope the book returns to the topic later. Overall I must say that The Matter with Things ranks among the most interesting works I have ever been exposed to and I highly recommend it. It is “magnum” also in the literal sense, as it comprises some 1500 pages in two volumes (including a bibliography of nearly 200 pages!), but well worth looking into in my opinion!
+
+127. [a42a59f6][svg] Mary Bennett says: January 20, 2023 at 11:53 am
+
+    IDK what “capital” sins might be, but the seven deadly sins are so designated because of the destruction they cause, to the sinner and to those around him or her–families, neighborhoods and even society in general. For just one example, consider the harm caused by gluttony, which includes addiction. I am not sure the notion set out in #124 above applies at all to the three cold-hearted sins, envy, avarice and pride.
+
+    Clark, if I may, about books for children: might I suggest that, if possible, you pay attention not only to text, but to quality of illustration as well. When I was raising my girls, I rejected the works of a number of well known illustrators as just plain stupid. For young children, you might look for, Jamberry, the Magic Schoolbus series–the ones about hurricanes and the ocean are the best–and the edition of nursery rhymes illustrated by Kinuko Craft. All Craft’s children’s books are excellent, but IDK which might appeal to boys. My girls loved the I Spy picture books.  For older kids, in addition to the ones mentioned by our host: The Trumpeter of Cracow Adam of the Road King of the Wind The Wind in the Willows–a man gifts this book to his nephew, and then adjusts his will accordingly, as A.A.Milne put it.  and the outdoor adventure books by one Jack Kjelgard. If you can find a school or bookstore which still has a shelf of Newberry Award winners, you might look through it for books to appeal to your child. As with so much else these days, older is better; what I call the golden age of writing for children began in about the 1920s and went on to about the 1970s.
+
+128. [136ebd74][svg] Clark says: January 20, 2023 at 12:14 pm
+
+    JMG, Thank you so much. D’Aulaires and The Hobbit were both on my list (of course), but quite frankly I had only heard of The Last Unicorn and not at all of the others. I especially like that these books are not all contemporary. I deeply want him to come to see the world through many perspectives, and especially through an enchanted lens. I looking forward to getting to know these books together with my family. Thanks again.
+
+129. [1b46c2e2][svg] John Michael Greer says: January 20, 2023 at 1:22 pm
+
+    Ian, I wish that wasn’t the case either, but it’s a pervasive bad habit these days. Even in the occult community you get a lot of people insisting that magical traditions have to be dumbed down to fit the narrow limits of the modern mentality.
+
+    Tommy, thanks for this. I haven’t read McGilchrist, he sounds at least interesting.
+
+    Mary (if I may) Jim Kjelgard — now that’s a name I haven’t heard in ages upon ages. One of his novels, Swamp Cat, cheered a bleak summer for me. Thank you for calling back the memory.
+
+    Clark, you’re most welcome. One other book I should have thought of for the list is Kate Seredy’s The White Stag — a Newbery award winner from long ago, recounting the Hungarian legends of the coming of Attila the Hun. It’s gorgeously illustrated, too.
+
+130. [8cd162b0][svg] Martin Back says: January 20, 2023 at 1:26 pm
+
+    My personal view is that there is a Higher Power, but not someone who takes a close interest in our daily lives. I regard him as a sort of distant wealthy relative who lets one live one’s life as one wishes, but who might intercede in one’s life if asked, often in a way which one doesn’t expect.
+
+    My favourite counter-example to intelligent design is found in the giraffe. The distance from the brain stem to the larynx is a couple of inches, but the nerve connecting the two organs can be up to 5 meters/16 feet long, depending how long the neck is. That is because the nerve travels from the brain stem, down the neck, around the aorta, back up the neck, and finally to the larynx.
+
+    This makes no sense until you examine our very distant ancestors, the fishes (if you believe in evolution). There the nerve takes the shortest distance from the brain stem to the proto-larynx, as one might expect, which took it past the aorta. As the neck developed and the heart moved further from the mouth parts, the aorta had to remain close to the heart for hydraulic engineering reasons, but the nerve couldn’t break, so the nerve had to elongate.
+
+131. [fdfa6bc4][svg] Curt says: January 20, 2023 at 1:30 pm
+
+    I would argue that the mystical also relates to the formless, inexplicable, the inner experience that bares real description. The mythical descriptions coming out of that experience in turn are more a trace of the experience, a reflection through the person experiencing the mystical who then tries to talk about that.
+
+    That points to the assumption made in this blog: the inner “truth” is and remains incomprehensible, and all out human assumptions are merely traces of it, like photographs of some real thing, from various sides, at various places and times.
+
+    Of course with varying degrees we all see continuity in our daily lives, things to rely on, sometimes reliable all during our own lifetime.  But to assume that the ultimate, all encompassing description of everything is possible to describe in our available terms and modes of thought, and is as reliable and observable as our everyday experiences may be a fallacy.
+
+    One avid Wilberian once answeder to my assumption of ending resources that this cannot be, because after all a regress to agrarian society will bring war back!
+
+    All the while the highest developed societies have always brought a lot of war TO the agrarian societies. That means, regressing to an agrarian society bereaves one of the possible to out-develop war in one’s own backyard and conveniently outsource it to the less developed places in this world – as it is surely their fault or predicament due to their underdevelopment.
+
+132. [2741dcc8][svg] Aldarion says: January 20, 2023 at 2:10 pm
+
+    @pyrrhus #113, if I may:
+
+    Yes, meiotic recombination (in eukaryotes) and genetic exchange (in prokaryotes) does a much better job at joining two or more potentially advantageous changes in a single individual than mutation would be able to provide on its own.
+
+    And sexual selection can be just as strong or even stronger than natural selection – just think of the peacock’s feathers or the birds of paradise. Blue eyes may be an example of sexual selection, though they are also partially linked with fair skin, which might be beneficial at high latitudes.
+
+133. [2b9d4346][svg] Robert Mathiesen says: January 20, 2023 at 2:38 pm
+
+    The earliest books I remember making an impression on me as a child — that would have been in the 1940s and early 1950s — included Kipling’s Jungle Book, vols. 1-2, Stevenson’s Treasure Island, Verne’s Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea and The Mysterious Island. All of them but Kipling had wonderful color illustrations by N. C. Wyeth. I also devoured the Nancy Drew mystery series (and The Hardy Boys books as well, though their plots were less appealing to me than the Nancy Drew ones). I was already in graduate school when The Hobbit first appeared in paperback in the 1960s, but I read it much as if I were still a child, with the same level of unsophisticated wonder. Lesser known titles that I loved as a child were the excellent The Aztec Treasure House (1890) by Janvier and The Mystery of the Spanish Cave (1936) by Household.
+
+    Somewhere early on I also got a book of the old Norse myths, which were the first accounts of any Gods that I ever read. I had thought it was the book by the D’Aulaires, but I see that came out only as late as 1967, so it must have been some other, older book. Whatever book it was, it had illustrations.
+
+    When I was a ‘teen, I discovered and devoured the many novels of H. Rider Haggard, Sax Rohmer, Talbot Mundy and Abraham Merritt — lost civilizations, occult mysteries,, secrets of old forgotten sciences, and so forth.
+
+    As an aside:
+
+    To all new fathers I recommend reading to your children often, starting when they are very young, and encouraging them to follow along on the page as you read. Don’t leave the love of reading to the schools; they may mess it up very badly. Here one size definitely doesn’t fit all children.
+
+134. [200592b2][svg] Scotlyn says: January 20, 2023 at 3:20 pm
+
+    @ Dylan #47
+
+    “Darwin didn’t and couldn’t have taken into account what we now know about the complexity of DNA and the extremely long odds, over many, many reproductive steps, of producing a successful genetic adaptation.”
+
+    Another (simpler) way of saying this would be that random genetic mutations have not proven to be a good fit for Darwin’s more general principle of “variability” – even though some noted scholars tried very hard to make that wrong size shoe fit.
+
+    There are some scientists (eg. Lynn Margulis/ James Shapiro come to mind) who have suggested other processes as a better fit for Darwin’s “variability” element, but these tend to involve agency playing a role – which is heresy to the rational materialist faith which seized evolution as its dogma. Not, I might add, divine agency, but simply the agency of organisms playing a role in evolution through their living actions, choices and refusals.
+
+135. [e1c0cd68][svg] DennisG (deng dreamwidth tag) says: January 20, 2023 at 5:17 pm
+
+    If I may begin with a restatement of a standing opinion I’ve expressed here before. To anyone who is young or new to esoteric teachings, this is an amazing opportunity for you to save time. This life or many, I have never seen so much offered so freely. While this opinion comes from nobody special, please consider it. Do not under value the information JMG offers because it is free.
+
+    Adi Da – A 60s leftover who said, “come luxuriate in the contemplation of my being”. Expand your mind? Expand his 7 female herium and his expanding gut. Expanding wallets buy a Fiji island to avoid criminal prosecution. His devotes have a website and books of which to many I have read.  Even Wilber called his God Man worship ‘guru theater’.
+
+    Not to say La De Da, Wilber, Cohen, or many others who have experienced kensho as described by writers such as Thomas Cleary or Dr. Mark Dyczkowski (my personal favorite), haven’t experienced peak experiences that validate Kashmir Shiavism and Dzogchen philosophy. But, as Cohen’s own mother would attest, what of it? Did it change your heart? Even she denounced his actions and attitude. Adi Da complained that his disciples were not able to attain enlightenment. He was to busy screwing the most attractive females. Sorry, talk about expanding your mind, all I see is Da’s expanding gut. Not to mention his ego.
+
+    JMG has offered many variants of esoteric tradition. Funny that few of us suspect that the most important parts of his offerings are the preliminaries that prepare to change our hearts. The magic and divination are only carrots to entice us. Forgive me if I am amiss on this, but as I remember, there is a line in the Lankavatara-sutra that says we are like a blind man or child walking towards a well but don’t see or believe it, so we must be told a story to lead us away for our own safety. But the story is just a story. The truth is really so much simpler, but we refuse to believe. No matter the religion, or the ritual, the truth is so much closer and simpler.
+
+    Again, please accept my heartfelt thanks and appreciation for your offerings JMG. Dennis G Boston MA. Trying to offer my patients heartfelt support in a corrupt and collapsing system.
+
+136. [2281b584][svg] LP says: January 20, 2023 at 6:10 pm
+
+    Hi John,
+
+    What if the development of consciousness is a response to the development of technology? Humanity may not be progressing in a linear fashion, “transcending & including” previous innovations, but perhaps *technology* is.
+
+    Integral would then chart humanity’s adaption to technological progress and it would be the telos of technology that gives rise to its linear stages.
+
+137. [99e3d9f4][svg] SundaraYogaShala says: January 20, 2023 at 7:19 pm
+
+    @info #53
+
+    There may be some glimmers of hope to end the enchantment of the cult of ugliness! My eldest child is doing very nicely at a small, private, conservative university outside the United States studying architecture. The entire first year was compass, ruler, pencils and lots of erasers! No computers until the fundamentals are learned. She is deeply into our esteemed host’s Sacred Geometry Oracle and is planning on beginning the study work that goes along with it. Many of her classmates also see the sense in creating a more beautiful built environment that welcomes humans. Soon come!!
+
+    SundaraYogaShala
+
+138. [dd1d0909][svg] Bei Dawei says: January 20, 2023 at 7:30 pm
+
+    Ron M. (no. 118) “Yes, as far as I am concerned, the whole ‘structures of consciousness’ idea is racist garbage.”
+
+    Theosophy (its likely source) has been accused of this, despite its Oriental themes–not only for the whole “root races” doctrine, but also for its depiction of, e.g. Australian Aborigines as laggard remnants of the previous root race. Most spiritual traditions have retrograde elements like this, which I see as part of the cost of being part of that tradition. Not that we have to perpetuate such things, but we do have to deal with them. (Sex abuse would be another example, affecting virtually every tradition.)
+
+    The thing that struck me about the “structures of consciousness” in Wilber’s earlier books, is his enormous chutzpah in daring arrange the sages of the world in order of how high their understanding was, with Nagarjuna being placed above Jesus, for instance. The implication is that Wilber must be wiser than both, in order to be able to evaluate them thus.
+
+    “…if it is mapping the evolution of consciousness of our species, how it can be that we have extant human societies dwelling in each structure in modern times?”
+
+    Sounds like the old “if humans evolved from monkeys then how come there’s still monkeys?” problem!
+
+139. [1b46c2e2][svg] John Michael Greer says: January 20, 2023 at 10:33 pm
+
+    Martin, this is exactly why I find H.P. Lovecraft’s pantheon so irresistible. The Great Old Ones are serenely indifferent to us, most of the time; they have other things to occupy their interests, and only every so often happen to notice that we’re up to something, and insert a tentacle into our reality to do something about it. I find that both plausible and comforting!
+
+    Curt, no argument there. The human brain is an eight-inch-long chunk of greasy gelatin; to claim that it can understand the ultimate purpose behind the entire cosmos is, I think, about as far as you can go into hubris.
+
+    DennisG, when I was a lot younger and living in Seattle, there was a pretty large presence of Adi Da worshippers not far from where I lived, complete with headquarters and recruitment posters.  The theme of the posters — “Why bother with your own spiritual development? Let Adi Da do it all for you!” — didn’t exactly impress me, but the thing I found weirdest was the body language of the people I saw who were into the Adi Da trip. They looked spastic, in the full medical sense of the word. Outside of nursing homes, I don’t think I’ve ever encountered a group of people who looked so disconnected from their physical bodies and so disordered in their relation to physicality. It was spooky. As for kensho and vikalpa samadhi and peak experience, it’s perfectly possible to have one of those, or even several of them, and still end up deranged, or predatory, or a pompous ego-filled balloon. I think it was Robert Graves who suggested that taken on its own, the pursuit of that experience was merely the most refined form of solitary vice imaginable.
+
+    LP, technology is simply a product of the human imagination; every machine was imagined before it was built. The telos of technology, furthermore, is given to it by the people who design it, fund it, and choose to make use of it; despite a vast amount of handwaving, technology has no inherent dynamic of its own (which is part of the reason why so much of it has become so shoddy and dysfunctional of late). Nor is technology progressing in a linear fashion; peak innovation, measured by such factors as genuinely novel patents, peaked in the 1880s and has been declining ever since, tracking the peak and decline of Western industrial civilization.
+
+    Sundara (if I may), I’m delighted to hear this! Thank you; that really does make my day.
+
+140. [f1a4f7c0][svg] J.L.Mc12 says: January 20, 2023 at 10:44 pm
+
+    Hey jmg
+
+    Off topic, have you heard that jake Stratton Kent is dead?
+
+141. [3e93b79e][svg] 林龜儒 says: January 20, 2023 at 11:25 pm
+
+    Until recently new atheism evolutionary biologists still bemoaned the decline of science (but they still couldn’t admit that it was the chronic lack of valid new discoveries that contributed to academic indifference to merit)
+
+    https://whyevolutionistrue.com/2023/01/20/enforced-orthodoxy-in-texas-science-departments/
+
+    ”There is absolutely no doubt that such initiatives turn the traditional system of academic success on its head. You no longer have to be a great scientist to get a job; you have to have a great track record in DEI. And absent that track record, your chance of getting a job, whatever your scientific accomplishments, is nil. Those who say that DEI and merit are not in conflict at all—and those who label initiatives as “inclusive excellence”—are fooling nobody.”
+
+    Not to mention that this is only a DIE policy in Texas, if it is a “progressive state” DIE policy, it will only be more serious….
+
+142. [39ae8aa3][svg] Owain D. says: January 21, 2023 at 1:09 am
+
+    Much respect to our host for his outstanding literary taste as a child!
+
+    I’d like to second the recommendation of The Chronicles of Prydain and, in particular, The Weirdstone of Brisingamen. The latter is dark, a bit scary and very, very exciting. And not only does it have maps; if you ever find yourself in east Cheshire, you can walk the elf-haunted landscapes yourself. I suspect that more than a few readers have made the pilgrimage to Alderley Edge in their time.
+
+    Back in my younger years, I also very much enjoyed The Dark is Rising Sequence, a series of five books by Susan Cooper. It has, in a way, a similar feel to The Weirdstone, but is set in Cornwall, the Thames Valley and north-west Wales.
+
+    The brew of folklore, magic and landscape served up by Garner and Cooper did something very profound and beneficial to my imagination as a young lad. I’m very grateful to have had the opportunity to read them.
+
+    I was also a big fan of Roger Lancelyn Green’s retellings of myths and legends: Greek, Norse, Egyptian, Arthurian along with a bit of Robin Hood.
+
+143. [a9286190][svg] viduraawakened says: January 21, 2023 at 1:32 am
+
+    @JMG
+
+    Regarding the nature of history –
+
+    There can be any number of arguments about the ‘nature of history’, both for and against the Progressivist view of history. However, all those are valid only so long as environmental factors aren’t incorporated into the analysis. The moment history is viewed the way Clive Ponting viewed it in his A New Green History of the World, all those arguments vanish into thin air, and the irrefutable conclusion that Spengler was right, stares one in the face. Somewhat interesting to see how Spengler’s central thesis about Progress being a myth and not a reality, was proved correct by the one field of history he didn’t incorporate into his analysis.
+
+    Regarding evolution, just wanted to make two points –
+
+    (a) One doesn’t need to endorse Creationism or Progress when it comes to evolution; evolution can be very well explained by way of dynamical systems theory, which accounts for both the genetic and paleontological evidence in favour of evolution as well as the arguments raised supporting teleological claims such as “…given that there are up to 3 million thermodynamically equivalent possible structures when it comes to protein folding, why do proteins fold in at most a handful of ways?”
+
+    (b) If evolution means ‘Survival of the Fittest’, and is oriented towards Progress, why have cycads survived, but several fern and flowering plant families gone extinct? I mean, cycads are arguably older than even the dinosaurs, and definitely predate flowering plants, if not ferns as well.
+
+144. [cb260dd7][svg] Emmanuel Goldstein says: January 21, 2023 at 3:02 am
+
+    Hi JMG, This is a wonderful series of postings, and I am enjoying them very much!  May I nominate your concept, “No human is nearly smart enough to grasp the Big Picture of the Universe” for ‘Best Transcendent Monomyth?’ — I’m not sure it _is_ a monomyth, but I’ve gotten a lot of mileage out of it, and I thank you for putting it out there.
+
+    I had a 21-year-old ask me this week, “What is the meaning of life?” I eventually replied, “I don’t know, but it’s probably something like, ‘To increase the beauty of the universe.'” A commonly asked question, it carries the assumption that there is _the_ meaning of life–a single great goal and only one way to get there, defined by the one teleology. Better to admit we don’t know the whole story, and may not be smart enough ever to know. It surprised me that admitting this to myself left me with more enjoyment of the the wonders of the world around us. 😉
+
+    It’s been 20 years since Thomas Campbell wrote his trilogy, “My Big TOE (Theory Of Everything) Unifying Philosophy, Physics and Metaphysics.” Does anyone know if he ever got together with Ken Wilber?
+
+145. [41a0ec1d][svg] Adrian Smith says: January 21, 2023 at 6:32 am
+
+    this vaguely reminds me of freud’s oral, anal and genital stages those didn’t really stand the test of time either
+
+146. [0fd2e365][svg] Jessica says: January 21, 2023 at 9:06 am
+
+    @Justin Patrick Moore Thank you for the Wolfram link. It looks fascinating.  @John Michael Greer I appreciate your presentation of Wilber’s ideas in a way that seems fair to me. It would have been easy to strawman him, but of course not nearly as useful.  I stumbled upon Ken Wilber’s writings in the mid-1980s. At that point, I felt divided in two. I had what I knew from ordinary life and from much studying on the one hand and on the other hand, I had what I knew from experiences in a spiritual movement that had just spectacularly collapsed.  Wilber’s writings helped me connect the two pieces and I remain grateful to him for that. He also more generally played a significant role in establishing the legitimacy of intellectual study in some wings of the new spirituality that arose from The Sixties. That was no small accomplishment.  (The spectacular collapse above was due to a considerable degree to well educated folks turning off their intellects in order to develop other aspects of themselves (a good thing), but then leaving them turned off (a disaster).) I met Ken one evening at his home in Boulder in the early 1990s, a bit before he launched Integral. He was clearly extremely bright and highly dedicated to his intellectual craft. I also sensed that he had actually experienced the meditative states that he wrote about. In those days, he presented himself as an author and specifically not a spiritual teacher (pandit not guru), so that was new information for me.  I wonder if he and everyone else would have been better off if he had never stepped into the guru role. In fairness, many people begged him to do so, but the guru role is just a modern One Ring.  It takes a hobbit or a uniquely moral man to resist its blandishments. If Ken Wilber had followed the lead of Gandalf or Galadriel, perhaps he would have developed past enthrallment to the shadow myth of progress, perhaps he would have escaped the egoic trap of being the beyond-ego-ist dude on the block.  In the 2000s, I participated in a spiritual community/practice based on a room of up to a few dozen people collectively role playing various egoic and beyond-egoic states. This did not seem that it should work. Experienced meditators who heard about it were uniformly sceptical. But to a remarkable degree it did work. As experienced meditators who tried it attested.  Once the community/practice achieved a certain fame in certain circles, many Integralistas came by. A few were wonderful, but many seemed unable to take on roles outside of the range one would expect of the kind of wishy-washy liberalism common to many new spiritualities.  On election day 2004, we did the voice of Republicans and of Democrats. The ability of folks mostly of the left to sincerely do the voice of Republicans was a fascinating acid test. By the way, the test of whether one is really doing the voice of Republicans is that if real Republicans hear you, they should nod in agreement, not recoil in horror. In Wilber’s teaching, and I agree with this, someone who is able to adopt the viewpoint of others, to see what they see, even when it is quite different from their own views, is in that sense more developed. The inability of anti-Brexit and anti-Trump forces, at least the publically most visible ones, to understand what Brexit and Trump supporters want, the lack of even an effort to try, was a disappointing eye-opener for me.  Many of the Integralistas seemed to come to us just to get another notch on their belt, to rack up another merit badge, and did not go deep enough to really get what we were doing.  One of the experiences that stayed with me was the day that two nuns came by and we role-played from the perspective that there is a creator god separate from the god’s creation. This was alien to our normal perspective. I expected that their perspective would turn out in some way to be reducible to ours and I assumed that they saw our perspective as in some way reducible to theirs, for example as good but lacking a connection with God and his grace. I was surprised to find that their perspective was just different. It felt valid in its own right. The Zen master who facilitated the session said he had a similar experience.  I came to notice that Wilber and Integral had assimilated psychological ideas well (so many of them are therapists of one kind of another after all), but their ideas on sociology and politics were quite primitive. They treated the social level as though it were just a collection of individuals without its own structures and rules. This would be like trying to do chemistry using only the laws of physics. Given the whole Great Chain of Being aspect, such omission required active un-knowing.  For example, Ken Wilber and Integral, at least then, had never looked at the question of where they came from and why and why here and why now. Their place as part of a broad emergence of new spiritualities in the post-WW2 first world was not at all hard to see nor was the membership of Integral being overwhelmingly highly educated professionals and aspirants. These facts do not in any way disqualify Integral, but its unwillingness to see them was not a healthy sign.  I eventually came to see Ken Wilber and Integral as a specific form of professional managerial class ideology, a quite pro-status quo one at that. At its root, Integral aspires to run the current system but more humanely. Reformers waiting in the wings.  I didn’t think that there was a serious thirst for that kind of power. It is more about individual careers, but Ken’s and Integral’s position as fundamentally not challenging the status quo creates certain blinders.  Although I read everything of Ken Wilbers up to and including A Brief History of Everything, I have had only the most glancing contact with his writing or Integral for over a decade now, so some of what I have written here might be out of date.
+
+147. [0fd2e365][svg] Jessica says: January 21, 2023 at 9:13 am
+
+    Shorn of the weight of the Chain of Being, I think the concept of the pre/trans fallacy is quite useful. Whenever there is a series of steps that a significant number of people go through in their personal development, those at any given step will often confuse those a step beyond them with those a step behind them. No broader teleology is required here and this series of steps need not be universal, just shared widely enough.  One example is the way that many in the 1960s confused people who had not developed the willingness/capacity to comply with basic rules (pre-law) with those who had developed that capacity to the point that they were oriented more toward the spirit of the law (post-law). This confusion worked both ways, with higher morality being imputed to folks who had hardly any at all, but a complete lack of morality being imputed to folks who were genuinely operating from a higher morality. (There was also no shortage of people who claimed to be operating from higher morality but were actually doing the opposite.) Another is a sequence on the US left. Many people had their political views changed greatly by what they saw as a stupid or evil US war in Iraq. Many of them went through a sequence of first believing that the Democratic Party was a solution, then during the Obama administration coming to see the Democrats as a problem not a solution. Many of those who remained in the stage of “if only we elected enough Democrats, then goodness” saw those who had gone beyond that stage as having fallen back into some kind of right-wing awfulness.  (Of course, not all such claims from liberals are sincere, but I believe that the reason the “you’ve gone right-wing” attack works so well among liberals is that many sincerely do believe that those who went beyond trusting Obama (or Hillary, etc.) have reverted to some prior state of political ignorance.)
+
+148. [fce1df69][svg] Jasper says: January 21, 2023 at 9:49 am
+
+    I can see from this Wilbur and the Arc of Civilizations one interesting thing: right now they can’t figure out anything because they must include everything. Look at it like this:
+
+    In the early history of a culture, they have nearly no information and relatively it is no data but all structure, the paradigm and worldview we hang the facts on. Whether this is religion, custom, or whatever, this is where an early culture begins, like the frontier where a man might be literate but own only one or two books. If that paradigm is “evolutionary advantageous” so to speak, they leverage their data and culture’s framework into physical power, that is, power to transform the physical. Otherwise history wouldn’t bother to record them. At this point, they have the wealth, reach, and ability to gain much more information yet the cultural paradigm didn’t collapse (it could) and can still contain everything known. They grow.
+
+    At last if they live long enough and become powerful enough, they have the physical ability to buy in all knowledge and teach it widely. Things that happened in Mongolia, events from 100,000 years ago, data about charges in quantum space. Now they have only reverse proportion: they have all data and little framework, little more than the thin frontier framework they had before, and the culture breaks down. No one paradigm is going to be able to contain a “narrative” about everything: the while universe and God himself.
+
+    The culture therefore becomes directionless, goes different ways at once, and things don’t fit and adhere. The thought leaders are discredited for all their not knowing. It gradually dissolves under the weight of too MUCH knowledge, that is, raw data, instead of too little. The culture that can’t digest this doesn’t adhere to any “One thing” and there is no longer an “Us”, a culture at all. It then fragments, and with the fragmenting, loses critical efficiencies of scale as we see in Tainter. The infrastructure they can no longer widely agree on eats their energetic lunch and the splintered divisions “collapse”, that is, in complexity. This ratchets them down to a far lower level than anyone desired or intended, and knowledge, that is “Data” is lost.  Eventually they have little data again but the same size framework, but a new structure, religion, culture, paradigm to hang it on and the whole thing starts again.
+
+    We know cultures do attack themselves and dissolve at the top, but this would explain why they must. Why they can’t hold together and go to the stars, for instance.
+
+149. [7548728d][svg] Darkest Yorkshire says: January 21, 2023 at 10:38 am
+
+    Sundara #137, in chapter 4 of Peter Kropotkin’s Fields, Factories and Workshops there’s a similarly appealing description of student engineers at Moscow Technical School learning through their hands – https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/ petr-kropotkin-fields-factories-and-workshops-or-industry-combined-with-agriculture-and-brain-w# toc10. Along the same lines, Toyota engineers aren’t allowed to use CAD until they can draw by hand.
+
+150. [1b46c2e2][svg] John Michael Greer says: January 21, 2023 at 12:33 pm
+
+    J.L.Mc12, yes, I just heard about that yesterday. His end of the occult spectrum was very far from mine, but I know he was well respected in that part of the field.
+
+    林龜儒, that’s really funny. Of course they also can’t admit that what has them riled up is that it’s not their rigidly dogmatic orthodoxy that’s being used to weed out those who won’t toe the line — no, it’s a different rigidly dogmatic orthodoxy.
+
+    Owain, the only reason I didn’t include The Dark is Rising and its sequels is the final book, Silver on the Tree. I hated that book with an incandescent passion — well, to be frank, I hated all the kid’s novels (and there were a lot of them) that ended with “now, now, dear, it’s time to put all that magical stuff away, grow up, and blindly accept consensus reality.” My enjoyment of the first four books and my detestation of the last played a significant role in inspiring the way I handled the conclusion of the otherwise rather similar narrative in The Weird of Hali.
+
+    Viduraawakened, three solid points! First, yes, Ponting’s book (in either of its editions) is a fine corrective to hubristic notions of history; second, yes, and that kind of teleological argument also has stupid written all over it — once a particular pattern of protein folding gets discovered by chance and becomes fundamental to evolving organisms, that’s going to remain in place thereafter, since finding new ones will always be more expensive in evolutionary terms than adapting what already works; and third, yes, exactly — cycads thrive, and so do blue-green algae and other exceedingly ancient prokaryotes, because they’re very good at what they do and nothing else has been able to outcompete them in their niches.
+
+    Emmanuel, you may indeed. I field questions like the 21-year-old’s tolerably often, and my answer’s a little different: basically, life doesn’t give you a meaning. If you want your life to have a meaning, decide what you want the meaning to be, and then get out there and act accordingly.
+
+    Adrian, an excellent comparison! I like to think that there’s also a nasal stage in there somewhere — you know, the one where kids want to stick their noses into everything. Nosy people could then be described as nasal-compulsive, or what have you. 😉
+
+    Jessica, many thanks for this perspective! I encountered Wilber’s work fairly late — my interest in alternative spirituality has always focused on occultism, which he disparaged — and so don’t have that sort of insider’s view of things. The role of his ideas as a managerial-class ideology doesn’t surprise me at all, but again, I didn’t have much of any contact with his circles. As for the pre/trans argument, interesting; as I noted in my post, it certainly works as a critique of Wilber’s understanding of evolution: he thinks he’s gone beyond Darwin, when he’s actually stuck in a pre-Darwinian understanding.
+
+    Jasper, that’s a fascinating and very plausible hypothesis — and one that I’m going to want to brood about. You’ve identified a factor in the intellectual collapse of civilizations that I hadn’t taken into account at all, so thank you.
+
+151. [ba414425][svg] Orion says: January 21, 2023 at 12:37 pm
+
+    Brian #69:
+
+    While man may be finite, as we connect with God we touch the infinite.
+
+    Nature, or, as I call it, the Universal Being, is infinite.
+
+    I also have been understanding the bible recently, in particular Genesis.
+
+    Orion
+
+152. [4840f216][svg] Ian Duncombe says: January 21, 2023 at 1:52 pm
+
+    @Jasper
+
+    “The culture therefore becomes directionless, goes different ways at once, and things don’t fit and adhere..”
+
+    This is a fascinating and well detailed observation! This helps explain why society seems so disjointed presently, kinda like a poorly maintained jalopy.
+
+    Thanks for bringing some validation and agency around this yearning to wipe the slate clean, start all over again ect.  Also useful in forgiving behavior oriented towards destruction of culture.
+
+153. [112b3a2c][svg] DanielleThePermaculturist says: January 21, 2023 at 2:45 pm
+
+    Something I personally have trouble understanding is why Christianity became so mono focused. Why did the Great Chain of Being come out of Christian philosophy?
+
+    I am reading Manly P Hall and he outlines how Christian philosophy first came as a refutation of pagan and then a justification of itself pre and post Nicene. Is this a result of changing political and civilizational structures? It just seems like an odd philosophy to come out centered on a poor man from Nazareth who was in the historical memory at the time.
+
+154. [0b6e82ca][svg] cobo says: January 21, 2023 at 2:49 pm
+
+    In light of this from “Isis Unveiled,” the following and my comment: “According to the kabalistic doctrine, the future exists in the astral light in embryo, as the present existed in embryo in the past. While man is free to act as he pleases, the manner in which he will act was foreknown from all time; not on the ground of fatalism or destiny, but simply on the principle of universal, unchangeable harmony; and, as it may be fore known that, when a musical note is struck, its vibrations will not, and cannot change into those of another note. Besides, eternity can have neither past nor future, but only the present; as boundless space, in its strictly literal sense, can have neither distant nor proximate places. Our conceptions, limited to the narrow area of our experience, attempt to fit if not an end, at least a beginning of time and space; but neither of these exists in reality; for in such case time would not be eternal, nor space boundless. The past no more exists than the future, as we have said, only our memories survive; and our memories are but the glimpses that we catch of the reflections of this past in the currents of the astral light, as the psychometer catches them from the astral emanations of the object held by him.”
+
+    My collage has come to teach me something funny. It leads me to understand that the past does not build the future, but that the future “requires” the past. All the causal chains align to build it as it requires.
+
+    From the outset I’d put a piece into what may have seemed a random position, but then over time all the required pieces fell into place, some positions requiring a dozen layers to get the correct piece in place. Conversely, pieces would align from several directions leaving an opening yearning to be filled. Often that day the piece would arrive. I’ve long used the account of a hand reaching out to nowhere, then being met exactly, hand to hand, by a piece falling exactly into place.
+
+    Over the years I challenged the concept of destiny versus free will, and I’ve come down firmly with destiny (or- on the principle of universal, unchangeable harmony) as reality. Take the image of a sphere, and that sphere contains the entire past, present and future of our world and all of our experiences. It would be like a crystal that is plugged into life, like an entire movie on one DVD. Our experience of it runs like an arrow shot through, the one way arrow of time. And I’ve questioned many times where would I most want/rather be, and it is always right here, right now.
+
+    So I have faith that my place in this universe, this sphere, is perfect in the Gods or God’s will. But that brings up the question of Magic, which I have been studying. Can I purposefully determine even small aspects of my future, with all the various causal chains aligning into it perfectly? It’s a scary thought, actually. If the Gods’ destiny for me is already perfection, couldn’t/wouldn’t I just foul it up? I am swayed by my desires and emotions and if I sought to fulfill them that may lead me into lifetimes of regret trying to recover my innocence, the innocence of faith in my destiny.
+
+    This is what we are exploring, here, now.
+
+155. [49704606][svg] Ron M says: January 21, 2023 at 6:08 pm
+
+    Bei Dawei (#138): interesting re: Theosophy’s ‘take’ on Australian Aborigines. I am generally familiar with Theosophy’s main tenets but have never been able to stomach Blavatsky’s books.  Interestingly, the Australian journalist-turned-occult-author Howard Murphet (whom I am sure was quite familiar with Theosophy) once wrote that the Australian Aborigines are a modern-day example of what people in the Krita Yuga (“golden age” of Hinduism’s cycle of four yugas) were like: possessing extremely little materially and technologically but spiritually highly elevated!
+
+    Re: the co-existence of peoples at all levels in the structure of consciousness, perhaps Wilber explains this (I have not read him), so maybe I was assuming that he was behind the whole new-age concept of “quantum leaps of human consciousness” (which, of course, is going to happen any day now, just like the Rapture is going to happen any day now… sigh).
+
+156. [99e3d9f4][svg] SundaraYogaShala says: January 21, 2023 at 9:57 pm
+
+    @Darkest Yorkshire #149
+
+    Thanks! Hands-on is where it’s at for learning everything. Last semester the architecture students learned how to properly mix concrete and spent a day every week exploring a different construction site along with geometry, physics and history classes, refining their free-hand drawing and learning about wiring and plumbing. Useful stuff!
+
+157. [2ee5a339][svg] Aziz says: January 22, 2023 at 2:26 am
+
+    Spot on with your arguments on teleology! I also appreciate how you explained evolution.  I’m not familiar with Ken Wilber, but he seems to be one of those “hip” intellectuals of the New Age movement, it’s really fun and curious to study this current, even though most of its latter exponents are embarrassingly ignorant and cringeworthy; but one wants to understand. I’m also reminded of a book which I read some of its pages and left it out eventually, called the Voice of Venus by Ernest L. Norman, even though it was published in the early days of the movement but it depicts this strange “artificiality” and progressive cloak it always had.
+
+    It’s interesting to dive in how the Medieval and Renaissance sages and philosophers defined the spiritual and magical as a science and took that very seriously, we would’ve not got the Qabalistic or Enochian systems if that didn’t happen. Yet sadly we see these fields of knowledge brushed aside as mythical if not superstitious, few know how deeply connected science is to magic, it’s math and some of those who knew about its secrets took advantage of it.
+
+    “The fact that evolutionary breakthroughs do sometimes occur does not mean that they will show up on request.”
+
+    Brilliant.
+
+158. [f0b5bdf8][svg] Benn says: January 22, 2023 at 6:35 am
+
+    Trouble with Theories of Everything is that you have to keep adding to the Theory of Everything when things turn out differently, which makes the original Theory of Everything turn out to be a Theory of Everything Apart From The Bits That Don’t Fit . His essay on why Donald Trump was elected is an example. Or that his mentor turned out to be a “bit underdeveloped” on the “keep your hands where I can see them” line of development.  I think the spiral is upside down anyway. Each “level” makes Gaia sicker, and people more insane.  I wanna non-return ticket back to the Mythic/hunter-gatherer stage please, Ken.
+
+159. [19d43028][svg] The Other Owen says: January 22, 2023 at 7:04 am
+
+    @jasper
+
+    If you scale something too big it breaks down? I’d say that’s almost a law of nature. You never see a tree growing to the sky, for instance. At some point the tree says to itself “I’m big enough” and stops growing. Some trees can last for centuries in a steady state like that.
+
+    Try telling the lords and masters of the economy that perhaps they should stop growing. Wear protective clothing though, you might get singed.
+
+    It seems the only way they know of cycling through anything is to ramp up in a linear fashion and then have it all collapse back down in a straight line too. And endless sawtooth pattern.
+
+160. [c500c6ea][svg] Quin says: January 22, 2023 at 11:12 am
+
+    Robert Mathiesen,
+
+    Many years back I believe you mentioned that you were working on a short book or pamphlet about how to effectively teach reading to one’s own children, based on your own experiences. I am curious if you ever finished writing it? I am still interested in reading it if so, especially as I am now a father to two young girls.
+
+161. [dd4c01e0][svg] Allison says: January 22, 2023 at 3:45 pm
+
+    Ken Wilber really does not have an original philosophy – he just riffs on Gebser’s idea of a teleological advance in human culture and Clare Graves’ idea of the same. The fact that Don Beck (co-author of Spiral Dynamics) was one of the pundits in charge of the handover of power in South Africa in the 90s says it all. What do these people know?  When I first read Wilber in the 1990s I was very impressed. Certainly he mapped out the changes in consciousness from primitive to riverine to classical to pre-modern to modern to post-modern pretty well. Any one who has raised a child (or taught them) knows that children move along an age-determinant spectrum of abilities. Piaget covered all of this.  The problem I have with him is his teleological view: because Sri Auribindo said this is supposed to be the next step, then it must be. Please.  He cannot explain why we seem to be stuck in the “Mean-Green-Meme” for forty years with no way out. Since he started the Integral Institute, he seems to have deteriorated in many ways (in his last video he was wearing a ridiculous wig).  So sad when people have to stick with their theories over what reality is evidencing.
+
+162. [3083db6c][svg] Goldenhawk says: January 22, 2023 at 6:30 pm
+
+    @cobo
+
+    ” If the Gods’ destiny for me is already perfection, couldn’t/wouldn’t I just foul it up? ”
+
+    Maybe not. “There’s a divinity that shapes our ends, rough-hew them how we will.”
+
+    Or so I like to think.
+
+163. [b494dfa2][svg] Chris at Fernglade Farm says: January 22, 2023 at 6:51 pm
+
+    Hi John Michael,
+
+    Apologies, this is way off topic, but relates to my recent renewable energy troubles which I mentioned above. The stuff makes no economic sense…
+
+    Sun Cable demise shows renewable energy mega projects ‘really hard’
+
+    It boggles my mind how much mad cash my off grid power system has consumed. Bonkers, but for me it is something of a hobby, and a personal challenge. The economics never entered the story, that’s rare though… Apparently, even the uber wealthy don’t have my attitude. That alone speaks volumes as to the gritty realities. And scale multiplies the issues I face. Oh yeah. Crazy stuff, huh?
+
+    Cheers
+
+    Chris
+
+164. [a49d306a][svg] Anonymous says: January 22, 2023 at 7:54 pm
+
+    Seems like there’s a little bit of a direction of evolution, associated with some systems discovering how to reap benefits from returns to scale from coordination and specialization.  Things like microbial mats, and proper not-just-a-sponge multicellularity with organs and stuff, and neural control systems, and mychorrhiziae, and eusocial insects, and reflective intelligence, and village economics, and law enforcement, and trade networks, and imperial grain-based weather risk buffering, and domestication, and open-society norms separating the roles of “truthseeker” and “aristocrat”.
+
+    But mostly only a little bit, because a lot of that ends up stuck in a restricted niche (like lichen fungus/photosynthetic microbe symbiosis), or ends up with the context it depended on ceasing to exist, or ends up accumulating scleroses or evolving parasites that scale faster with the system size and age than the development of countermeasures does. The direction of evolution would come from the situations where the system that the big structural innovation is attached to nonetheless manages to survive, reproduce, diversify, and adaptively radiate.
+
+    It’s hard to put this direction on a linear scale since there are so many different aspects of a system that you could potentially reorganize to get the returns to scale.
+
+    I haven’t read the book “Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny”, but I’ve heard that it’s partly about some aspects of this direction of evolution.
+
+    I don’t think it’s hubris to have the more modest hope that a brain, or a system of brains with coordination and specialization, would be able to understand or model whatever part of the universe it is that isn’t itself particularly trying to be hard to understand and that isn’t itself trying to understand or model anything. Systems that aren’t trying to be hard to understand, and that aren’t “bioaccumulating” incomprehensibility from any other parts of the universe they’re trying to respond to, tend to have a lot of redundancy and recurring features.  That often makes it easier to study some small part of the system and learn things that tell you a lot of what you would have learned by studying other parts — that is, things that largely predict those other parts — even if the system is astronomically bigger than the small part you studied. Even Wolfram’s computationally universal systems, though they cannot be predicted in detail, would need to be run for a long time before they could develop the kind of “life” that purposefully tried to maintain and propagate itself. Up until something like life emerges, it’s entirely correct to predict the regularity that the stereotypical patterns from the system’s pre-life history would keep repeating themselves over and over everywhere, just with unpredictable but mostly pointless minor variations. (Until the minor variation that accidentally generates life. The other ones aren’t entirely pointless because they statistically set the stage for that.) No matter how confused we are about difficult things like a microbe’s physiological responses, or about our own nature as thinking beings, or about any more general cosmological situation, we did manage to unearth regularities like the Standard Model and general relativity and evolutionary theory and hierarchical Bayesian models.
+
+    So, correspondingly, maybe it’s possible to reasonably speculate about future evolution in at least these general respects, identifying broad patterns and laying out possibilities.
+
+    I think that certain ideas related to all of this are how I would try to build out a personal version of the Spiral Dynamics level whose shorthand is “Yellow”. After some unknown refinements related to subjectivity, computational universality, and interactions between representations and possibilities, I could see a level that could be an option after “Turquoise”. But there’s a lot of psychological praxis and culture that this would require which, in my experience, hasn’t been invented yet.
+
+    The non-Wilber Spiral Dynamics people are careful not to talk about the levels as particularly narrowed down empirically past Turquoise, nor as particularly known to be linear past that point.  See https://www.spiral-dynamics.com/faq_levels.htm#05 :
+
+    “Dr. Graves’s theory and the Spiral model are open-ended processes. There is no final state or top of the Spiral, no stage of completeness or perfection for human nature. Turquoise is the current edge of Graves-based data[…]
+
+    This is not a Spiral toward spiritual revelation and transcendent being as some would wish. The Spiral opens up and widens; it does not focus down to a pinnacle or finish. The “future” from each level is the next in the sequence; each is more expansive because it adds something to those which come before. The future for the Spiral is the passage to more and more systems in the human repertoire. Unless we do something incredibly stupid or a cosmic accident occurs, the process will continue for a long, long time.”
+
+165. [39ae8aa3][svg] Owain D. says: January 23, 2023 at 4:28 am
+
+    Re: Silver on the Tree
+
+    I managed to brush off the rather unsatisfactory ending because I still had such a residual buzz from the story up to that point. A source of much greater youthful outrage for me was the older children not being allowed back into Narnia (unless they were dead, as it turned out) because it was time for them to grow up (not in that way, Susan – tough luck).
+
+    Incidentally, it was the afterword to The Moon of Gomrath (the sequel, of course, to The Weirdstone of Brisingamen) that originally pointed me in the direction of The Old Straight Track and The White Goddess. It also contained the tantalising line: ‘The spells are genuine (though incomplete : just in case’. Very heady stuff. Is there anything comparable these days?
+
+166. [d8fedf7e][svg] Patricia Mathews says: January 23, 2023 at 11:14 am
+
+    OT: Kaiser on the ruin of academia, wokeness, and the vast surplus of university graduates in the ’60s and ’70s. http://historyunfolding.blogspot.com/2023/01/ideology-identity-careerism.html
+
+    Personal side note: I note I once could have cc’d my online friend of longstanding with this, but realize it I did so today, she’d irritably dismiss it with “Kaiser’s a Republican.” Like many with battle scars from the bad old days, she sees misogyny everywhere, even now, and locates if firmly on the other side of the partisan divide. OTH, upon me sending her the graphic novel “Ten Billion Years,” her only comment was the lament “Why does he hate space travel?” Shakes head sadly.
+
+167. [420500f7][svg] Stephen DeRose says: January 23, 2023 at 11:21 am
+
+    Hello Mr. Greer,
+
+    I thought you might want to hear about Rupert Sheldrake’s banned Ted Talk exposing scientific dogma. He gave a 17 minute lecture about the 10 materialistic assumptions of science and exposed several key flaws in them, including the extreme bias towards the idea of universal constants and arguments for how conscious advancement in one member of a species affects learning in similar members. If you follow his train of thought its obvious how one could give a rational foundation for a variety of things like astrology, telepathy, and so on. The Ted talk was then banned with the disclaimer that Ted Talks did not want to advance pseudoscience…
+
+    Check it out if you have the time and inclination towards visual media.
+
+168. [fb67806f][svg] DT says: January 23, 2023 at 7:15 pm
+
+    If evolution is not “teleological” then how can it be compatible with the idea of god, who would be assumed to have a purpose and plan? If god created the constraints so as to create the outcome, then any combination of god and evolution must be teleological.
+
+169. [8cd162b0][svg] Martin Back says: January 24, 2023 at 12:59 am
+
+    Funny how these schemes all seem to end up with humanity at the top of the pyramid. I bet if you had to ask a starfish its opinion, it would be able to prove that starfish were the pinnacle of evolution, and humans were some trashy species on the fringes.
+
+    When you invent the standards by which things are judged, it is only natural to skew them to favor yourself.
+
+170. [52d66f21][svg] Booklover says: January 24, 2023 at 9:13 am
+
+    To expand a bit about the ideas about which Jaspers wrote, it occurred to me that the limits for civilizational complexity, which he discussed, are also one of the factors why there are no super-civilizations known to us; a civilization would splinter in separate parts due to the loss of cultural congruity before it even could try to tap the energy of entire stars or similar things.
+
+171. [8978755e][svg] Clarke aka Gwydion says: January 24, 2023 at 11:21 am
+
+    In “The Hitchhiker’s Guide” and subsequent works, the Supreme Being is a multidimensional being whose 3-D aspect is white laboratory mice. The limitations of knowledge are also explored in various ways in that series. 42.
+
+    As for me, I’ve come to the conclusion that the last dinosaurs (to wit, all birds) are in cahoots with fungi and bacteria (without which there would be no life on earth) and similarly “primitive” phenomena not all of which are entirely congruent with our 3D experience, and that, as some including our host have suggested, they may have decided to use human rapaciousness to ensure that there should be no more extended ice ages for a while. And despite our pretentions to overlordship, humans are quite possibly an epiphenomenon (i.e., an incidental side effect) of those inscrutable intentions.
+
+    Or, as someone quite respectable (I forget who) once said (my paraphrase): “the universe is not only stranger than we imagine, it is stranger than we CAN imagine.”
+
+    I’ve always found theories of everything to be enjoyable intellectual ice cream sundaes, but they ultimately fail under their own weight. And to be clear, the Madhyamika reasonings of Mahayana Buddhism RELY on that fact to point out the futility of such endeavors. How people can take a snippet of various Buddhisms to “reveal” just how enlightened THEY are and how far the rest of us have to go is simply evidence to me that they haven’t understood it at all, even slightly.
+
+    Over the decades of my life I have run across people who talk about how, since tathagatagarbha (buddha mind) is already enlightened, all they need to do is “rest in the view” (usually means: do nothing at all) and everything will turn out roses and unicorns. It’s a lazy man’s enlightenment, if it’s anything at all.
+
+    I’ve run across a few really highly achieved persons who would never claim anything for themselves along those lines, while saying exactly that sort of thing in general. Probably because one of the paradoxes of realization is that the harder you chase it the farther away it is, but if you never chase it, you’ll never get to it either. Zeno’s paradox is a Western exemplar. As with the string on a musical instrument: too tight and it snaps, too loose and it won’t make music. Humility is a great cure, and making Rudra-ego into a god is the most-to-be avoided aspect of the whole program.
+
+    There’s a whole aspect of Tibetan Vajrayana relating to Dzogs-Chen that uses all sorts of paradoxical “you’re already there” encouragements of that sort. Zen, too. However, I’ve noticed that even among those schools, there’s no lack of highly accomplished people who claim nothing for themselves, who work diligently and with great energy to practice their “nothing at all” in multiple aspects, and who also quite diligently exercise effort in the arena of morality and everyday common sense.
+
+    Or, to quote an old Zen koan: “if you meet the Buddha on the road, kill him.” Which can mean all sorts of things. Just the testimony of an old flea-covered dog, who can assure you he’s not enlightened!
+
+172. [a4662275][svg] Chuaquin says: January 24, 2023 at 12:58 pm
+
+    Clarke aka Gwydion said: (#171) “In “The Hitchhiker’s Guide” and subsequent works, the Supreme Being is a multidimensional being whose 3-D aspect is white laboratory mice.”
+
+    That image is very fun! Why mice and not other animal species?
+
+173. [a4662275][svg] Chuaquin says: January 24, 2023 at 1:13 pm
+
+    Booklover #170: You’re talking about one possible answer to the Fermi Paradox…where are the aliens?  https://www.space.com/25325-fermi-paradox.html Maybe there are aliens, but their technological level never last very long…I agree with you. I remember a similar answer in Mr. Greer’s Stars Reach, if you have read it.
+
+174. [a4662275][svg] Chuaquin says: January 24, 2023 at 1:16 pm
+
+    Stephen DeRose #167, I’m happy to see that Rupert Sheldrake keeps on being active nowadays, thank you for the link to this provocative scientist and thinker!  By luck for me, I don’t have the problem with videos that JMG has, so I’ll watch it.
+
+175. [1b46c2e2][svg] John Michael Greer says: January 24, 2023 at 1:40 pm
+
+    Danielle, in a very important sense Christianity wasn’t the refutation of Greek thinking, it was the fulfillment of trends that had been building in Greek intellectual circles for centuries.  Already by the time of the Presocratics you see movements toward monotheism, toward morality as the foundation of religious thought, and toward a profound pessimism about sexuality and embodiment. The religious movement set in motion by Paul of Tarsus, who redefined a small Jewish heresy in terms that made sense to the Hellenistic world, became the most significant vehicle for those ideas because it took them and gave them a symbolic and devotional form that the masses could grasp.
+
+    Cobo, it’s quite common for philosophically literate mages to get themselves tied into knots about the whole issue of predestination vs. will. If everything is predestined by a universal harmony, doesn’t that also include your desires and emotions? Might they not be the means by which the gods induce you to complete some part of the pattern?
+
+    Aziz, good gravy, you’ve encountered Ernest L. Norman? I’m impressed. He and his wife Ruth “Spaceship Ruthie” Norman founded one of the giddiest of the UFO religions here in the US, the Unarius Academy, and wrote some exceptionally weird books. Wilber is at least superficially more respectable than that — but you’re quite correct, of course, that there’s a common current uniting them.
+
+    Benn, now imagine the straight line up the center of that spiral as a small section of a sine wave, or of a circle…
+
+    Allison, it’s precisely the “mean green meme” that shows where Wilber’s theory, and the Spiral Dynamics theory as well, breaks down. It’s not some intrusive “Boomeritis,” it’s the natural next step in the process to date, and it leads to other steps that don’t go where Wilber thinks the future is supposed to go. No wonder he’s fraying.
+
+    Chris, ha! Thanks for this. Reality begins to seep in…
+
+    Anonymous, but at the same time you have other systems and organisms that are simplifying, unspecializing, and discoordinating. Identifying one trend as the direction of evolution and pretending that opposing trends don’t matter is the classic flaw in teleological versions of evolution. That’s the supreme flaw in the Spiral Dynamics system — it doesn’t deal with the simple reality that complexity is constantly being lost as well as gained, and there’s no need for incredible stupidity or a cosmic accident to bring things back down to lower levels. That happens naturally, as an inevitable part of the process.
+
+    Owain D., very likely Silver on the Tree was such a bitter disappointment to me because I had to wait for it. When I started reading the series, Greenwitch had just come out; I waited eagerly for The Grey King, and of course I adored it; then more time passed — and thud. Anticipation = disappointment. Narnia — well, yes; I found The Last Battle sickening, in that Lewis decided it was time to crank the Christian allegory up so loud I could no longer ignore it, and the whole thing didn’t hold my interest very deeply, though Lewis’ adult novels were (and are) another matter; he would have done better if, like Tolkien, he’d had children and tried his stories out on an eager and critical audience of kids. The Moon of Gomrath was of course a delight; I’d found the books in question by the time I read it, but it was pleasant to meet old friends. As for books like that now? I wish. I’ve got a series of occult mystery novels in the works that might do something of the sort in their own genre, but I didn’t have the chance to raise kids of my own and don’t feel especially confident about my ability to write for them.
+
+    Patricia M, hmm! Many thanks for this. Your friend’s retort would be funny if it wasn’t so sad.
+
+    Stephen, if you can find me a transcript I’d love to read it, but I dislike visual media.
+
+    DT, you’re making a lot of assumptions here. Must gods have purposes and plans? Must we have an important role in them? What if H.P. Lovecraft was right, and the Great Old Ones who created the cosmos aren’t obsessively interested in the fate of the worlds and lives they brought into being?
+
+    Martin, ha! An excellent point.
+
+    Booklover, also an excellent point.
+
+    Clarke, and a third excellent point. It’s pure human egotism to assume that we’re somehow more important to the evolutionary process than starfish or small dinosaurs or blue-green algae. As for inept Western Buddhism, emphatically. It’s really quite impressive, in a dismal way, how many people in the West can miss the entire point of Buddhist teachings while claiming to embrace them. (Or Hindu teachings. I’m rereading Owen Barfield right now, and his pigheaded ignorance when it comes to Hindu writings is really embarrassing — especially since his entire thesis depends on that ignorance.)
+
+176. [46c6f42b][svg] Jacques says: January 24, 2023 at 3:00 pm
+
+    JMG wrote, “It’s really quite impressive, in a dismal way, how many people in the West can miss the entire point of Buddhist teachings while claiming to embrace them.”
+
+    Could you please elaborate a bit on this point? I’d like to know more about what you mean here.
+
+    Thanks, Jacques
+
+177. [af0a3228][svg] Lathechuck says: January 24, 2023 at 4:19 pm
+
+    Chuaquin – “Why white mice?” as manifestations of higher-beings, in the Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy? As I recall the explanation, it went something like this: “The ‘mice’ have been running experiments on humans for a long time.” “Ridiculous! We’re the ones running the experiments, on the mice!” “Really? Why do we use mice for experiments? Do we care about mice?” “Not really, but we … um … generalize, from their behaviour … to … our … own.” “So, the experiments ARE designed to discover things about humans, right?” “Well, yes.” “And you assume that only humans want to know about humans?” “Maybe not. But why do the ‘mice’ care about humans?” “That’s what we need to find out. ’42’ was the answer. But what was the question?”
+
+178. [2b9d4346][svg] Robert Mathiesen says: January 24, 2023 at 4:57 pm
+
+    Re: the quote “the universe is not only stranger than we imagine, it is stranger than we CAN imagine.”
+
+    That is Haldane’s Postulate (J. B. S. Haldane, Possible Worlds and Other Papers, 1928), and he originally formulated it as “the universe is not only queerer than we suppose, it is queerer than we CAN suppose.” It’s one of my all-time favorite postulates about the world in which we all live.
+
+179. [2b9d4346][svg] Robert Mathiesen says: January 24, 2023 at 5:35 pm
+
+    @Quinn (#160):
+
+    I don’t remember ever having made plans to write a book on how to teach your own children to read, much less having talked about such a plan here. So no, it’s not in the works.
+
+    What I have made posts about is (1) how I taught my own children to read, and (2) how regular the general system of going from spelling to sounds is in English, and how easy it is to teach a chlld (if his native language is English) to apply that general system to sounding out a written text. (Yes, of course, there are several hundred words that violate the system. Context will carry a young reader over most of them without much difficulty.)
+
+    The general system was laid out quite clearly by Noah Webster over 200 years ago in a few pages at the beginning of his American Spelling Book.
+
+    You can download a PDF of an 1822 printing of the Spelling Book here: https://archive.org/details /americanspellin00websgoog/page/n22/mode/2up
+
+    You can also buy a handsome hard-cover reprint of an 1824 printing of the Spelling Book made by Applewood Books in 1999 from your preferred online source for books still in print.
+
+    A somewhat more technical presentation of the general system, with all the small irregularities and exceptions taken in to account, was made by the linguist Robert A. Hall Jr in his very brief pamphlet, Sound and Spelling in English (1962), which seems to have fallen out of copyright and can be downloaded in several places, including: https://archive.org/details/hall-1965b-spelling
+
+    Hope this helps! Best wishes for success with your daughters.
+
+180. [ffee0c7d][svg] Nitsuj says: January 24, 2023 at 5:50 pm
+
+    @clarke #17 – thanks for sharing that. what do the do nothing enlightened friends think of the before/after enlightenment chop wood, carry water? hehe
+
+    @JMG interested in your note on Owen Barfield and Hindu beliefs. I’ve personally been digging into Hindu texts like Mhb. Ramayana, Upanishads and learning Sanksrit. From what I have gathered Hinduism evolved as a multi-variant and diverse set of beliefs and practices that were, upon being encountered by the British in India, were all lumped into a single Hindu religion. That point of understanding draws much from ‘Hinduism in India:The early period’ a collection of scholarship edited by Greg Bailey and some online literature into the subject. My impression is that western readers who are accustomed to church shattering arguments over doctrinal truth are sometimes deeply confused by the many truths and versions at once perspective they bring from a Christian/Muslim perspective to religion. A second point of confusion that I have personally seen is confusing itihasa with history. What historians – chronicle a catalog of facts to support a narrative – do is very different than itihasa – which is maintain a core set of truths through oral tradition. Curious what you think if I am as far off as Owen or if your thoughts on this are going to come along in future posts.
+
+    Best!
+
+181. [dd1d0909][svg] Bei Dawei says: January 24, 2023 at 6:15 pm
+
+    I liked “The Last Battle” (come on, vulture-headed gods with multiple arms? woo-hoo!), but then I also liked the most garish Jack Chick tracts.
+
+    Behold, “Children of the Stars” (Unarius documentary, featuring Ruth–and to a lesser extent Ernest–Norman in all her glory):
+
+    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Y3hUMuaTvk
+
+    (“Bob” would approve.)
+
+182. [dd1d0909][svg] Bei Dawei says: January 24, 2023 at 6:21 pm
+
+    Clarke aka Gwydion (no. 171):
+
+    *rdzogs chen
+
+    Jayarava Attwood pushes back on the idea that Buddhism involves “paradox,” calling this a Western Romantic projection, aided by systematic misunderstandings of the texts.
+
+183. [1b46c2e2][svg] John Michael Greer says: January 24, 2023 at 10:03 pm
+
+    Jacques, there are a lot of Western Buddhists who have taken up the trappings of Buddhism and never quite grasped any of the points that the Buddha was trying to make. There are “Buddhists” here in the US who insist that meditation is great because it improves your work performance, and others who insist that you should chant mantras to get consumer goods. A good half of American Zen Buddhism is either Surrealist put-on or existentialist posturing with a bad case of Orientalism. I could go on for a long, long time.
+
+    Nitsuj, that’s certainly my understanding of Hindu beliefs. India’s a huge subcontinent with a dizzying range of cultural and intellectual traditions. What I was addressing in speaking of Barfield was, however, Hindu philosophy, which is still very diverse but (in its modern forms) by and large shares a body of common concepts set out in the Upanishads. Barfield had no idea what those concepts are; his brief and dismissive portrayal of Hindu thought in Saving the Appearances lumps it in with “primitive” thinking in a typical 20th century European display of staggering ethnocentrism. More on this in a future post!
+
+    Bei, thanks for this. I knew some Spaceship Ruthie fans in Seattle when I was a teenager; even for me — and I was into weird things! — she was out past the fringes. Still, I enjoyed her costumes:
+
+    [unarius_to][svg]
+
+184. [52d66f21][svg] Booklover says: January 25, 2023 at 12:06 am
+
+    Chuaquin, yes, I had the Fermi Paradox in mind. I have read Stars Reach, but JMG has written a post on the old Archdruid Report about the end of the Space Age and his proposed solution of the Fermi Paradox. This paradox is today a paradox only because the idea that unlimited progress is impossible is currently unthinkable in modern society.
+
+185. [c500c6ea][svg] Quin says: January 25, 2023 at 9:54 am
+
+    Robert Mathiesen,
+
+    I don’t know where I got that idea then. Very strange how the memory works!
+
+    Thanks very much for the resources! I’m sure they will be useful.
+
+186. [9f41bd3c][svg] Brunette Gardens says: January 25, 2023 at 12:01 pm
+
+    I was sorry to have to step away from this comment thread and missed the comments from all re: @Brunette Gardens #19. But now I’ve caught up!
+
+    @JMG: You’re most welcome. Tolkien was a potent talisman for me as a youth as well. I had the boxed set of the Rankin-Bass animated version on vinyl (completely memorized, skips and scratches also burned into my memory), and accompanying it was a reproduction of the story’s storied map, which I hung on my wall. Another commenter spoke to the surviving cartography tribe, which is comforting.
+
+    @SLClaire: Excellent! Thanks for sharing that. Anthony and I remember the old city pages books, which covered St. Louis down to the alley level even, on some occasions. I used it to draw maps when running a canvass for an environmental group in the 90s.
+
+    @sgage: I love that phrase! “Every automation is an amputation.” Perfect.
+
+    @Orion: I remember those radar detectors well… that’s a good reminder that tech innovations are cyclical, and in each new iteration we lose something. Kudos to you for sensing this early on!
+
+    @Siliconguy: I can’t tell you how many times my iPhone nav has steered me wrong here in “flyover” country. Once it insisted the nature preserve I sought was a private farm, clearly fenced off, a “no trespassing” sign revealing loudly how little Google Earth knows this area. And a hearty thank you for the links.
+
+    @Koyaanisqatsi: Another great story to add to the trove. BTW, love your handle!
+
+    @Kfish: Yay! You just made my day. And I must get myself one of these embroidered maps…
+
+    @Tommy: Wow, Puttgarden and Putgarten! This sort of thing will likely become more common as we cede operations to AI.
+
+    Thanks, all, for a fantastic discussion. The quality of this commentariat is unparalleled.  Thanks, JMG, for cultivating it.
+
+187. [f310a94f][svg] Gassalasca Jape, SJ says: January 25, 2023 at 1:07 pm
+
+    JMG — Thank you for contextualizing your readerly paths and future directions! Perhaps one day we’ll be treated to a post about Voegelin and the occult? That would be outstanding.
+
+    You may find Barth interesting and/or amusing because he had a fairly developed demonology/ angelology which he used in critiques of modernity while walking an enlightened but not too enlightened line. I think he would say we are not to believe in demons as personal entities but as “lordless powers,” which is also to not not-believe in demons. Like the old Talmudic saying, “If you believe all of these stories, you are a fool. If you disbelieve one of them, you are a heretic,” Barth’s dialectical theology or “neoorthodoxy” insists you must have it both ways at once.
+
+Comments are closed.
+
+Search for: [                    ] [Search] This site is hosted by GeoffStratton.com
+
+About JMG
+
+John Michael Greer is a widely read author, blogger, and astrologer whose work focuses on the overlaps between ecology, spirituality, and the future of industrial society. He served twelve years as Grand Archdruid of the Ancient Order of Druids in America, and remains active in that order as well as several other branches of Druid nature spirituality.  He currently lives in East Providence, Rhode Island, with his wife Sara.
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+New MapsNew Maps New Maps is a new quarterly magazine of deindustrial fiction, publishing stories that imagine futures during and after the long decline of the fossil fuel age. Each issue features writing by some of the genre's best new and established authors. Click the image to read more and get a subscription.
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diff --git a/saved_articles/jumping-ship.txt b/saved_articles/jumping-ship.txt
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+Slowdown Farmstead
+Jumping Ship
+https://www.slowdownfarmstead.com/p/jumping-ship
+
+The more the ideologies of our world purport to expand us into all things inclusive and equal, the more narrow our expectations of being. Gifts of judgment and discernment must be hobbled by some for the free reign of others. A disdain of what is wholesome and innocent pervades. From books to movies to every news report and social commentary, we are being inundated with the erasure of fundamental truths in the name of the expression of one’s “own truth”. Not one’s own opinions or hopes or beliefs . No, that’s not good enough. It’s one’s own “truth” as if truth is as subjective as your favourite ice cream flavour.
+
+As more and more people come to reject the madness, the louder the machine roars. Talk of censoring freedoms and imposing right-think is critical if all of this garbage is going to stick. One of our daughters was just telling me about her friend who recently got hired on with a company that works with at-risk youth. This friend was just informed that masks were a part of the job even though nobody else in the system she’s working with, including the children, will be wearing them. But she must. She, who is working face-to-face with young children must mask her beautiful face. Oh, and pronoun badges are mandatory. This friend of our daughter’s is struggling with the reality of needing a job and her heartfelt conviction that these job ‘requirements” are demands gone too far.
+
+But she’s only one of many. We’ve seen the same in our household, with a position my husband took a few years ago demanding he partake in the charade. They wanted pronouns on badges. Some of you have seen my husband. He is 220 pounds of muscle. There are patients at the hospitals he works at that call him the “viking doctor”. No pronouns necessary. Need one? Sure, use Viking. In every instance, the aggressive, threatening demands to adopt group think for the ideology while the erasure of other’s values, beliefs, and heck even sex, is deemed acceptable.
+
+The more they push, the more fed up the general populace has become. I hear it in every day conversations. I read it in heterodox forums and platforms. I listen to brilliant minds dissect, with surgical precision, the whole folly of these ideologies that undermine the very foundation of our society. We are sliding and people’s antennas are picking up the fall. The very pillars and structures that form the backbone of who we are as a people are crumbling. Now shock and awe replaces tradition and morality. Guiding principles and agreed upon values are antiquated in this brave new world. If you cannot accept that porn is woman empowerment and “rainbow dildo monkeys” make great teachers at story time for your kids, you’re a bigot and a monster. Off with your head!
+
+[https]
+
+All of these things can feel overwhelming. We’re on this great behemoth of a ship chugging along at sea. We have no control over the direction. The people that do, the ones sitting behind the controls are closed off in their fortified helm. We can’t even see what they’re up to. They pull the levers and turn the switches and we feel the sway and acceleration. Outside of their fortified headquarters, millions of bodies - the “useful idiots”. The loyal believers of the almighty ‘doctrine of distracted delusion’ stand en guard. The masses shovelling the coal into those hungry engines. Always at the ready to take any objectors out. Faithfully keeping the machine running.
+
+What can we possibly do?
+
+Well, we can start with realising that this ship isn’t going anywhere good. In fact, it’s not going anywhere at all. It’s on an endless loop. It goes as fast as possible in hopes that we don’t know that there are islands scattered everywhere. Our vertigo blurs our awareness of the possibilities.  There’s the sense that there is something out there, but it’s tough to discern what it actually is.  Maybe it’s something magnificent. Maybe it’s our absolute ruin.
+
+That’s the design of it. When you really start to think about it, when you sit in your solitude and are still, you realise that the whole damn ride is meant to keep you hanging on for dear life. You are convinced that should you jump, it’s the end of you. Nobody else is jumping. In fact, most are figuring out ways to live as is. To accommodate the limitations of their dizzying ride, they just stop looking outward at all. They stay off the decks. They put their noses down, do what they’re told, and distract themselves when that lonely little chunk in their souls asks for more.
+
+But some do jump. Some throttle themselves into the abyss with nothing more than faith that whatever it is that’s out there is better than what’s below their feet. They may not know the details or the design, but off they go. Others stand with their bodies pressed against the rails, tasting the wind, training their eyes to the colours as they pass. Trying to figure out the safest course of action for their exit. Maybe they won’t fling themselves off the side, maybe they’ll lower themselves down with a rope. They may not know what they want, but they most certainly know it’s not what’s on offer.  They’ve watched as their destination gets closer and closer and they are ready for it… this time.  Yes, this time. This go around, they will get off. Some actually will. Others will go back to their seats and talk about it to their friends. They all agree, next go around in the spiral, they will all head out. Until then, they might as well get comfortable. They haven’t figured out that the endless loop is actually a downward spiral. “And, say you, kind sir, what was the name of this ship again?”
+
+[https]
+
+This week in the Substack Chat, we had a wonderful discussion around the topic of the shaping of our lives outside of the system. That looks different for almost every person but in every case, regardless of where anyone falls on the continuum of sovereignty, the shared stories were fascinating and inspiring. Some included people who have worked out the rights to farm other people’s land for decades without having to actually purchase it. Others shared some of the details of living in housing and land cooperatives. Others spoke to the unique ways that they’ve been able to buy land.  And many shared about their climb out of debt, or keeping themselves out of it while building lives of meaning as they see it. There were also a whole host of ways that people have gotten creative in generating income, living below their means, learning new skills, and building community.
+
+Why do these things matter? Because they are the very things that allow us to move out of the machine that demands our ever-increasing loyalty to its tenets and ideologies. Religion has been replaced with this new rabid secularism. Our freedom of autonomous thought and belief must be sacrificed at the altar of these institutions if we are to participate. There is no choice in the land of inclusivity. There are no dissenting opinions permissible. The cost of the ease of going along to get along is that you are forever chained to the thoughts of others, the rules of others. No matter where they go, you too shall go. That’s the truth of it. And when you look around at the depravity and depression that abounds, it becomes clear that the toll is beyond what most of our human souls are cut out for.
+
+[https]
+
+I am not omnipotent. I cannot become a fence post and demand everyone around me disregard their eyes, their senses, their worldview, their experiences, and their intellect to now wholly and fully call me a fence post. To actually see me as one. To wrap me in barbed wire and not cross my path. I can do that for myself. Sure, why not. Who cares what I’m doing in my living room on a Saturday night. But that is not the point is it? The point is that you acquiesce all that makes you human so that my delusions of fence post grandeur can be fulfilled. It’s just another piece in the game that erodes one for another under the umbrella of “equality”.
+
+In order for us all to be equal, one must be taken from to add to the other. The quality of what is taken and what is added is irrelevant. Inclusion and equality of outcome uses no such measure. We are only asked to sacrifice truth for the fantasies of another. Some religions are untouchable, others are open season in the most vile demonstrations of abject hatred. Some races are protected, others wickedly maligned. Some sexual preferences held up as brave and courageous and others get eye rolls.  We are told that bugs will feature in our meals and cities that don’t let us move beyond our fifteen minute radius will save the day. Digital currencies will allow or disallow with nary a prison bar in sight. Everything, from our grocery stores to our movie theatres have been infiltrated with political and ideological bents. Even our bodies are up for grabs. You want freedom? That will be a pound of flesh, if you please.
+
+It’s all so big and convoluted. It can feel impossible to untangle from, but untangle people do! And they do it in a myriad of ways. Is anything guaranteed? Will my path be yours? No and no. Of course not. That’s not life. Life is excavating your own with courage and steadfast determination.  Steadfast, that’s our word - the word my husband and I determined was the central theme of our marriage, our family, and our lives. We decided that back when we first found each other. And steadfast has steadfastly remained. It’s been our guiding word when we needed guidance. It’s been our rally point when we needed to rally. What’s your word for your life? Maybe you have many? Maybe you haven’t given it much thought. We went on to write a mission statement for our lives. Do you have a mission statement? Maybe you oughta.
+
+[https]
+
+I suppose this downward slide into madness is why I’ve come to be so enamoured with old books in the last few years. I can barely sit through any form of modern “entertainment” anymore. In so much of what’s on offer today, this pervasive lecturing and demand of how to think about things. In every movie and book, “right think” clobbers me over the head. No, I don’t think so. Not for me. In these old books, especially the ones centred around the natural world, there is a smallness of the human that appeals to me. Yes, we’re important, but we are not so grandiose as to rewrite the rules of creation. We are limited by morals and virtues. We are contained within the laws of nature. We are powerless against universal truths. In each of those, touchstones of sanity in which to rest.
+
+I recently read the delightful book, “Rascal”, by Sterling North. For anyone with smaller children, or anyone looking for a taste of nostalgia mixed with beautiful, clear and succinct writing from a time long gone, I highly recommend it. The book takes place in a small rural town during the early 1900s. It depicts the true tale of a young boy and his beloved pet raccoon. The simple honesty of a young man’s observations and his love of the natural world pervades. Lesson after lesson of expansion and constraint from the natural world in which he is so immersed. He sees tragedy and is brought to his knees by heartbreak, but there is nothing to do but surrender. He cannot change reality. He cannot demand the conformity of truths to his ideas. The only place that that can be done is in an illusory fiction. He does not live in fiction.
+
+In the story, I was taken by the characterisation of the adults in the young boy’s life. The real life humans from a time long gone. Some of them salty, some with a sweetness and generosity, just like us. But imagine, a young boy today taking a canoe out into the wilderness and stumbling upon a recluse who starts up a conversation and before you know it, the old man in the woods has brought the young boy to his favourite fishing hole where the two of them share a day together. That story almost sounds ominous in our time and that’s part of the problem. That’s part of what we need to work to rectify.
+
+Another element in the story, written over the period of World War I, is a sense of surrender of what cannot be controlled and the responsibility taken for what can. It seems that we’ve arrived in an upside down world where the things we can control - our perspective, our actions, how we interact in the world - are given away in an effort to avoid responsibility. It’s not my fault if I’m addicted to porn, or am obese, or miserable and cruel to others, or any other number of things. I am but a mere pawn in the hands of our unjust society. I cannot be held responsible because I never stood a chance.  The Victimisation Olympics has many contestants.
+
+But these old books I’m reading offer up the ghosts of a time past as wayfinders for our hungry spirits. They show that peace and security of place roll in on the wings of responsibility and discipline. Global calamities rage on but a neighbour’s wayward pet raccoon feasting in their gardens still warrants a community meeting to solve the issue. A sense of their need of each other is what is real in their lives and it’s what they are all working for and towards.
+
+[https]
+
+Peace comes from knowing what you can control in your life and surrendering what you can’t to the hands of brilliance and light. And when you do surrender, do it not with trepidation and fear, but with faith. There are things that must remain untouchable in you. They may be pulling the levers in their dark little cockpit, but take a look at your feet and arms would ya’? You are not chained to anything.
+
+The power you have is in controlling what you can control in your life. And those things? They’re a lot. If you think otherwise, really dig into that perspective. Is it yours or is it one you’ve adopted somewhere along the line? Is it truth or is it serving you in some other way? Is “easy” getting the better of you? What you can control may seem, when held up against the illusion of the machine, trivial. But you, good human, are not redundant. God does not create for entertainment. Each of us, every single one, is here for a purpose.
+
+To throw up our hands in exasperation is a failure to discern what is ours to put forth into this world. Let your energies be directed there. Being immobilised by the bigness of a thing is a misalignment of your focus. You are not asked to know every detail of the strategies before us.  You’re not ever going to solve the riddle. Nobody has the map the weiners are using to drive us all to nutty-ville. It will always be one thing after another. It will always be distractions and erosion of what is good and sound. The message is that it’s all so big that there’s not a thing a peon like you could do - “you are too small to act.” And that’s the greatest con of all.
+
+Stay true. Act true. Be aligned with the generous gifts you have been given and bring them to the rest of us. We need them. We need you. Your work is here and it’s not insignificant. Your payment for the life you have been given is in the spreading of your talents and your gifts. Beautify the world with your words, actions, love, creations, and your talents. Live in service to that beauty. Live in service to life. Speak up. Pull your weight. Pay your due. Make it matter.
+
+Slowdown Farmstead is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.
+
+[                    ]Subscribe [https] Join Tara’s subscriber chat Available in the Substack app and on web Join chat
+
+p.s. Next week’s essay will be a Q&A. Paid subscribers can submit their questions here.
+
+p.p.s. My apologies for the lack or a narrated version this week. I’m in the US, visiting my dear ittle granddaughter and my microphone sounds awful. Next week we’ll be back on track.
+
+125 56 Share Share this post [https]
+
+jumping ship
+
+www.slowdownfarmstead.com Copy link Linkedin Facebook Email Notes 56 Comments [https] [                    ] Petra Feb 18Liked by Tara
+
+        I am a teacher in this incredibly woke system. I have been thinking about taking an early retirement, but my other voice says to stay. So I close my door, and teach the way I feel is [https] best, and ignore all the pronouns and rainbows. I use terms like “boys and girls”, and refuse to put a pronoun behind my name on emails. I believe I’m making a difference, so I’ll stay.  Thank you for your magical words, Tara! They help keep my ship pointed to the truth.
+
+        Expand full comment Reply
+
+2 replies by Tara and others
+
+         Nikki Jenkins Feb 18Liked by Tara
+
+        Their mission is to take God out of the world and the sea captain is Satan.
+
+        I got to visit with a friend yesterday who I haven’t seen in months. I was aware before that our ideals and paths are very different but was made even more aware of it yesterday. If I can’t talk about Botox, lip fillers, giving myself a shot in the belly to loose weight or the new b12 b-skinny injection then I don’t have much worth talking about. No one wants to talk about milk goats, cleaning the greenhouse to start seeds or UFOs. (Had to add the last one) lol
+
+        The last time I was with my twin sister the conversations were the same. I leave filling deflated and confused. They have bought the lie, and they still aren’t happy. Nose job, not happy, lips filled, not happy, gotta be heroine chic, not happy. It’s a bottomless pit of [https] lies that leaves you empty! There is a God sized hole in all of us and it won’t be filled with anything but Him!!!
+
+        On a happier note, love the book rec’ we have that one, so we will read it soon. I just finished reading the Endurance to my son. Wow talk about having nothing to complain about for the rest of your life. That story will make you feel like a wimp!!! We also read Treasures in the Snow, so wonderful!!! Highly recommend!! Homeschooling has given us years of wonderful books to read through that most kids won’t find in their school library!!! We read Ben Hur two years ago when my son was 8 and people mocked me because “he’s too young for that”, he loved it and why do we have to dumb down children’s minds? They are so smart and inquisitive!  We are about to start the Corrie Ten Boom story and be studying the World Wars. Which book did you mention Tara, about World War 1?
+
+        Love hearing from you Tara, another soul who likes to color outside the lines!! ❤️
+
+        Expand full comment Reply
+
+5 replies by Tara and others 54 more comments… Top New Community
+
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diff --git a/saved_articles/the-nature-of-enchantment.txt b/saved_articles/the-nature-of-enchantment.txt
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+The Nature of Enchantment 
+https://www.ecosophia.net/the-nature-of-enchantment/ 
+January 4, 2023
+John Michael Greer
+
+.....
+
+Enchantment goes further than that. Imagine knowing, in the same well-of-course fashion just discussed, that how well you can complete some task—plowing a field, nursing a child, forging iron into a tool, healing an illness, building a structure, and the list goes on—doesn’t depend on the kind of objective measures of efficiency we’re used to using. Imagine that your success depends instead on whether you can, in the process of doing that task, identify yourself with the god or spirit or culture hero that first did the same task back in the beginning of time, and make your act one with that original deed.
+
+How do you do that?  Maybe you sing a magic song while you do the task, the way folk healers do in so many cultures, so that the herbs you use are still in some enchanted sense resting in the hands of the legendary being who first used them. Maybe you take part in a magic dance before you start, the way people in the north of England used to celebrate the beginning of plowing with sword dances in which a central figure suffers a mock-beheading and is then brought back to life—it requires no particular background in comparative religion to recognize in these proceedings an enchanted vision of the life cycle of grain, which is decapitated at harvest and rises again with the green shoots of spring.
+
+On the other hand, if you practice some especially magical craft in an enchanted society, you can expect to pass through a long process of training, followed by an initiation ceremony that takes you back to the primal example of the craft. I wonder how many Freemasons realize that their initiation ceremonies have exactly that function.  You can’t build a church, in the enchanted mindset of the medieval master builder, unless you personally labored on the construction of King Solomon’s temple, the archetype of every Christian holy place.  Thus medieval masons, in the course of their journey from apprentice to fellow of the craft to master stonemason, did exactly that in the lodge ceremonies that advanced them from stage to stage of their career.
+
+Nowadays we like to use words like “symbolically” and “ritually” for such acts of identification.  That helps us make sense of the process from within the disenchanted modern mindset, but it’s not the way people see things in the very different mindset of an enchanted age. As any good collection of fairy tales will demonstrate readily enough, space and time are irrelevant to a proper enchantment.  Today’s Freemasons, gamely repeating archaic rituals because that’s what you do if you’re a Mason, think of themselves as symbolically and ritually laboring on King Solomon’s temple; medieval masons didn’t. The power of enchantment swept aside the miles and the years and placed them right there on the threshing floor King David bought from Ornan the Jebusite, hauling blocks of stone to build a temple to the God of Israel.
+
+In an age of enchantment, what we call the “symbolic” is as real as a rock.  That’s a lesson that most people in today’s disenchanted societies have a very hard time grasping. More generally, it seems to be very hard these days for most of us to grasp that people in different ages and cultures really did experience the world in a radically different way. They weren’t simply playing make-believe. They really did look east toward the rising sun and see a vast, golden, radiant person gazing back at them.  They really did feel the hands of a saint, a spirit, or a god guiding their own hands as they recited a charm over the herbs they were brewing into a healing potion.
+
+The reason I can say this so confidently, of course, is that that same state of mind and that same kind of experience are essential elements of the practice of the kind of old-fashioned occultism that I do. To practice classic occult disciplines is to enter into an enchanted world, even if that world is only as large as the space traced out by a ritual circle and its entire existence unfolds in however much time elapses from the beginning of a ceremony to its end. Within those limits of space and time, stars and planets become persons, times and places far distant from the ritual and from one another fuse into a single moment, angels and spirits take on a body made of incense smoke and speak to the mage. Disenchantment dissolves like mist and the old enchantments surge back to fill their accustomed place. That’s the point of magic.
+
+Getting to that state of consciousness in the modern disenchanted world is not easy.  You can’t simply recite a magic song, watch a traditional dance, or take part in a ritual of initiation; you have to learn, in Dion Fortune’s phrase, how to cause changes in consciousness in accordance with will. Then you have to make the relevant changes in your own consciousness. Some changes are only necessary when you’re actually doing a working.  Other changes require you to shift the state of consciousness you experience in every waking minute. One way or another, it’s a lot of work. That’s one way we can measure the difference between our present disenchanted world and the enchanted world that most human beings, through most of history, have inhabited.
+
+So what happened? What was it that broke the enchantments that made the world what it was to our ancestors, and brought in the very different consciousness that most people nowadays think of as normal and natural? That’s going to be a central theme of the posts to come.
+
+Of course the conventional wisdom of our time has a pat answer to that question. That answer, baldly put, is that the modern disenchanted state of consciousness is right and the enchanted state of consciousness is wrong. Central to the entire worldview of modern industrial culture is the belief that “we” (meaning here the minority of human beings during the last four centuries or so who have embraced the disenchanted state as truth, and believed devoutly in the ideology of scientific materialism) are the only human beings in all of history who have ever understood the world accurately, and everyone else down through the ages was just plain wrong. If that answer sounds arrogant to you, dear reader, let’s just say you’re not alone.
+
+Yet there are other problems with the easy modern assumption that true believers in the modern ideologies of disenchantment are right and everyone else who ever lived was too stupid to notice how wrong they were. **One of those problems is the simple fact that the entire edifice of modern materialist science rests on assumptions about the nature of human knowledge that were disproved once and for all more than two hundred years ago. Another is the equally simple but far more brutal fact that the disenchanted world praised by today’s pundits in such triumphant terms has turned out to be unfit for human habitation**. If we’re so much smarter than our ancestors, and thus presumably so much better at understanding and meeting human needs with our omniscient science and almighty technology, how come so many of us are blowing our brains out or drinking and drugging ourselves to death because of the sheer misery of life in the world that reason has made?
+
diff --git a/saved_articles/the-unravelling.txt b/saved_articles/the-unravelling.txt
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+The Unravelling
+https://www.slowdownfarmstead.com/p/the-unravelling
+
+---
+Summary: embrace the suck or you get weak. Today's military no longer offer recruits the discipline that gets you back on track in life.
+---
+
+Isn’t that what the great gift of challenges and hardships are all about? There is no teacher or guru capable of giving you what life’s hardest moments can. Sure, there are words and platitudes and lessons to read about, but it is only through actually living through something that we are shown what stuff we’re actually made of. That was the gift the military gave me. In hindsight, I’m not sure I could have ever learned those things about myself, given the me I was. I had no idea that what I was doing when I stood at attention on black asphalt for hours on end, skin blistered by the sweltering sun, had anything to do with discovering who I was or what I was capable of. My determination and grit. I didn’t have determination and grit going in. All I knew was that I was lazy and hopeless and yet, there I was on that asphalt standing still and turning and slamming my foot down at the bark of a Sergeant in front of me. Dumb and meaningless suffering, that’s what I was thinking then.
+
+Wax on. Wax off. Left turn. Right turn.
+
+Nothing in this world could have changed my perception of self other than moving through the darkest of cavernous hellholes and coming out the other end. It remains that way still as I continue to evolve and grow. I’m a stubborn sort. Through the hellholes we go. Forward ho!  There was no therapist or kind confidante that was going to find the words that would pull me through to the other side. No, some paths need fire and brimstone.
+
+But we’ve changed our bent in this brave new world. The institutions that once held us to something greater are fading under ideologies that purport to usher in a new era of inclusivity and equality for all. Children’s sports teams assert that winners and losers are damaging and so there will be no score counting. Work as hard or as little as you like, we’re all winners here. Universities have dramatically lowered entrance standards. Today, most kids can get into some sort of university and thus, degrees have become quite meaningless. Cashiers at the health food store and uber drivers are full of university qualified humans all struggling to pay off their student debt. Fire departments and police too, have watered down expectations. It’s everywhere, yes, but what you lose when you apply these principles to the military wounds me personally. 
+
+Who joins the military as an enlisted man? Oh, oops, enlisted person? Is it still enlisted? Pundits and experts from around this country have weighed in with their opinions on why the military is bleeding, more aptly hemorrhaging, personnel. Get rid of the archaic ideas, they say. “Nobody wants to work in an old, tired, organization that draws its culture and values from a museum, people want to be part of an agile organization that rewards modern values.” Really? You sure? Because I don’t see that at all. 
+
+Yes, there are the ideologues that call for, and have well succeeded as I’ve already mentioned, in bringing far-left ideologies into the framework of our military, but these are mainly people at the top setting the cadence for the people below them. And those people at the top are products themselves of these far-left ideologies that have completely infiltrated and saturated our institutions of “higher learning”.  And so, where they go, so go these ways of looking at the world.  But, the very gears that make a military work are drawn from segments of the population who are a little closer to the realities of life. The blue collar workers. The folks that understand that ideas are all well and good, but there is a real world where real work calls for brushing away of ideologies. Those ideas don’t work on the ground and nobody likes to have values shoved down their throats. 
+
+I like to think that I have a pretty good looking glass to peek into the minds and motivations of younger people today. Yes, there are the parrots squawking radical notions on repeat. Let’s leave those to the side while they figure things out in life. It’s the others, the young women I know through my grown daughters and the others I have had the pleasure of meeting and speaking with through my writing. They are tired of the unstructured, anything goes, promiscuity and excesses of their time. Young women wondering if the men around them will ever rise up and expect anything more than a one night stand. And young men, told their worth is in their compliance to a woman, in the softening of their masculinity, in how many dollars they earn. It’s everyone for themselves, no rules. Just keep your judgments to yourself and repeat the mantras as given.
+
+Do I think these young people would join the “new” military en masse? Of course not. I don’t think they should either. Why would they? For more of the same with crappy pay and the abject disrespect and devaluing from their higher ups? To grind yourself for an institution that now also thinks it’s within their purview to fill your mind with their political bent? For the weakened camaraderie and morale that comes from these ideologies that are determined to highlight our differences and magnify our, supposedly well-needed, shame? Why would I ever tell someone to join such a place? I wouldn’t.  Don’t do it. Everything that was good is gone. 
+
+A young, strapping lad that lives near us once expressed to me his desire to join the military. He’s a farm boy, always working hard on some side hustle. He fells, bucks, splits, and delivers firewood.  He clears driveways of snow in the winter. He cuts lawns in the summer. He did well enough in high school but he’s itching for something more. Always, he’s good natured and funny. He was liked by all on his hockey team, a good team player. But he wants out of this little country life. For now. He’s like a coiled spring ready to pop. Decades ago, I would have said something different to him, but now I tell him, “No, don’t do it. The military is not what it was. You’ll hate it. You’re too good for them.”
+
+This is what happens when our institutions start to disintegrate. Those decision makers at the top of the hierarchy are making decisions that would appeal to a group of people that would never join the military in the first place. Those entrenched university students, savvy with the lingo and the ideas of critical race theory, are never going to join the army as a soldier. And the young people that would are baffled by this new military that has replaced pride with equality. They’ve confused expression and inclusivity with values and their right to determine them. These ideologies insist.  They offer nothing. It’s a slippery, shadowy, insidious decline of expectations. Purple hair with face tattoos and men with long hair wearing women’s skirts, yes. But don’t you dare utter a word of wrong-speak. 
+
+It’s the “soft bigotry of low expectations” showing up. Again.
+
+Here’s a thought: what if tradition and high standards are exactly what’s missing from what the world offers our young right now? What if the very things that make the sacrifice of military service worth it are now being erased? Has anyone asked the rank and file if critical race theory training and men wearing skirts will keep them around longer? Has anyone bothered to look at retention? They weren’t doing that three decades ago when I served. They had a “this is what you get, take it or leave it approach”. Seems that’s remained, only the what you get part of the equation has dwindled. What if the military dropped the idea of competing with the likes of social media companies and other jobs with low standards, and put their focus on what they can offer that very few other institutions can.  Kind of like they used to. Pride. Discipline. Camaraderie. Discovering that you are so much more than you realize. It may just turn out that more soldiers, serving with pride and honour, paid well, with some thought to their families and homes would keep more people around. And that would mean less deployments and burdens for those willing to tough it out.
+
+Or we could tell soldiers that their whiteness is a shame to be purified and their masculinity a toxic, ugly thing. Either way…
+
+My husband and I know serving members, ones that have been in the Canadian Armed Forces for decades, career soldiers, who are now counting down their time to retirement. “I’ve never seen morale so bad”, they’ve said. “Every young person I meet who has dreams of joining, I redirect”.
+
+It’s a toxic work environment, filled with suspicion and dread. Not because the work is indescribably tough. Not because they have to present themselves with extreme care, slicked and polished to within an inch of their life.  Not because they are chastised when they don’t meet the standards in dress or physical fitness. But because none of this matters anymore. 
+
+Thinking back now, to that young girl I was over thirty years ago, I wonder what today’s military would be able to offer me. Had I gone into that armoury and found women walking around with painted long nails and flowing blue hair or men with long hair and face stubble slumping about, I don’t know if I would have understood that place to be any different than what I knew. Where is that pride that was always drilled into us back in the day?
+
+The pay, the benefits and the deployments have only worsened as the mass exodus continues. And as people leave, those left behind are demanded to do more to patch the holes. Families suffer as a result. The glue that kept it all together, the stuff that offered, in return for the hellish conditions, something far greater than most could get anywhere else is now going or gone all together. We’ve traded honour and tradition, virtues that build, for untested ideologies that erode and degrade. Will what’s on offer be enough in trade for the call of sacrificing one’s life for their country? Either way, it appears for now that the weakening of our fundamental structures marches on.  Almost like it’s by design or something. 
+
diff --git a/shootings.txt b/shootings.txt
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+Of course people are blaming guns but never want to talk about the fact that our country is just a mass of sick fucks who sit around and eat garbage, play video games, watch porn, and pump themselves full of pharmaceuticals
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+                                                                                                         1                                                                                                                                                          
+ 
+
+snow blew over my tree it swirled around the spruce and settled on the ground. I knew it would come, in the way the trees lost there leaves and how much colder it got.  I was in a large spruce forest somewere in the montains(I do not know what montai-
+ns).  i left my aunt and uncle who had seven kids already to live in the woods. after i took a train to a small town. i hitched a
+ride on a truck and told the driver to leave me on the side of the road.i started though woods.i found a large raspberry patch.
+ grabing a leaf i tied some of the berries in it. and so i kept walking. it must of been at least six or seven miles before
+i saw a stream. i ate my raspberries and had some water. i caught a crayfish and rapped in a leaf, suffed it in my pocket and 
+started of again. it was nightfall when i found a small clearing in the woods, so i set up a camp agnst a tree and went to bed. 
+the next mourning i decided to fish, so i found a large branch and tied some rope i brought with me to it, i wittled a hook out of
+a stick, tied to my line and cast it in. after two hours of waiting i gave up and went to find some food, i woundered around until
+i found a tree with a beehive in it,i grabed two sticks and stuck them in wiggleing them around until i broke a piece of and ran 
+the bees chased me i darted around a tree, i had lost them. and that is when i remembered the crayfish in my pocket, i laughed 
+i could of eaten it and not been chased by bees but now i had honey, so i had honey and crayfish for breakfast.i went back to
+the hive, the bees where back, i picked the sticks i had used, and broke of another piece, put it in a can i found and ran. i dove
+a stream so the bees could not find me. once they had gone i got out, dryed off and looked at my prize, a large honeycomb.i
+decided to use it sparingly for it was the only food i had right now. back at camp i took done my lean-to and started walking.
+until i came upon a large maple in the middle of a spruce forest. i remembered what my uncle had done to make a drum for 
+my cosins, he took a stump and burned out the middle then stereched deer hide over it. so i started diging. it was rotten which 
+made it easier, then i lit a fire in the tree, burning it until i could stand, then i lit a torch and burned small shelfs into it. i was 
+done. but then remembering that i needed somewere to sleep, so i set to work again.
+
+                                                                                               
+                                                                                                                 2                                                                                                                        
+
+finding wood for a bed was harder then i thought, the fact that i had no axe was the problem, so i went to find something make
+one. i found a rock and started sharpening it then pulled a vine of a tree, then i grabed a stick and tied the rock to the stick this
+was my axe. i choped down a small spruce and cut it into four planks then i wittled holes and stuck dowels in it, the frame was
+done, but i needed a mattress so i gathered moss. then i had an idea, i saw a town before i found my tree, i guessed it was 
+about two miles from here, so i set of .  when i reached the town, i counted my money it would cost me all i had to buy sheets
+and a quilt. i went into a shop a selected what i wanted payed and left. after i made my new bed i went to find food. as i 
+searched i had the idea to make pancakes, but how? *there was a libary in town* i thought, so i walked to town to get a libary 
+card.  what's the name? asked the libarian, "royal" i said, "here's your card", she handed me a flat little card, i took it.     
+when i got back to my tree i started searching for a chestnut tree. it was very hard 
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