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authorluxagraf <sng@luxagraf.net>2020-11-29 13:17:50 -0500
committerluxagraf <sng@luxagraf.net>2020-11-29 13:17:50 -0500
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+ src="images/logo1.GIF"></p>
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+ <td width=16 style='width:12.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'>
+ <p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
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+ src="images/dystitle2.JPG"><br>
+ <img width=365 height=20 id="_x0000_i1027" src="images/dysaut.JPG"></p>
+ </td>
+ <td style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'>
+ <p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'>About
+ Abram Hoffer, M.D., Ph.D.</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
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+ <td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'>
+ <p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:red'>Hoffer Biography</span> <br>
+ <a href="index.html">Home</a></p>
+ </td>
+ <td width=18 style='width:13.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'>
+ <p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
+ </td>
+ <td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'>
+ <p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-family:Arial'>(Editor's Note: Dr.
+ Hoffer's personal <span class=SpellE>webpage</span> is</span></i> </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'><a
+ href="http://www.orthomolecularvitamincentre.com/index.php">http://www.orthomolecularvitamincentre.com/index.php</a></span><span
+ style='font-size:11.0pt'> <br>
+
+ <p><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:Arial'>I was born</span><span
+ style='font-family:Arial'> on a farm in <st1:place w:st="on">Southern
+ Saskatchewan</st1:place> in 1917 in our first wooden house. My three older
+ siblings were born in a sod shack. Public and high school education was
+ completed in single room schools.&nbsp;</span> </p>
+ <p><span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;I combined my new interest in
+ biochemistry with my original interest in agriculture by taking a Masters
+ degree in agricultural chemistry in 1940 at the <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType>
+ of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Saskatchewan</st1:PlaceName> in <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
+ w:st="on">Saskatoon</st1:place></st1:City>. On a graduate scholarship I
+ studied for the following year at the <st1:City w:st="on">St. Paul</st1:City>
+ campus of the <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName
+ w:st="on">Minnesota</st1:PlaceName>, and then worked at a flour laboratory in
+ <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Winnipeg</st1:place></st1:City>
+ developing chemical assay methods for thiamine in flour and other wheat products,
+ and running the control analysis to ensure that the correct quantity of
+ vitamins was added to the flour. I did my research toward my Ph.D. in this
+ laboratory and received my degree in 1944.&nbsp;</span> </p>
+ <p><span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;By then I had become interested in
+ human nutrition and enrolled in medicine at the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType
+ w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Saskatchewan</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>
+ in 1945. For a few days before I finally registered I was shaken by an offer
+ by Dr. T. <span class=SpellE>Thorvaldson</span>, Head Department of
+ Chemistry, to accept a job as Professor of Agricultural Chemistry at a salary
+ of $2700 per year. The salary was acceptable, but as my plans had already
+ been made I maintained my resolution to take medicine.&nbsp;</span> </p>
+ <p><span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;I married Rose Miller in 1942. Bill
+ was born in 1944. While I was interning in 1950 I was offered the position of
+ Professor of Biochemistry at the same University. After two preclinical years
+ at this university, and two clinical years at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType
+ w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Toronto</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>,
+ I earned my M.D. in 1949. John was born in 1947 and Miriam in 1949.&nbsp;</span>
+ </p>
+ <p><b><i><span style='font-family:Arial'>Entering Psychiatric Research</span></i></b>
+ <br>
+ <span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;I interned for one year at <st1:PlaceType
+ w:st="on">City</st1:PlaceType> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Hospital</st1:PlaceType>
+ in <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Saskatoon</st1:place></st1:City>,
+ planning on going into general practice, but hoping that I could eventually
+ enter research. While interning I became interested in psychiatry, especially
+ psychosomatic medicine. Toward the end of the year I applied for a position
+ with Psychiatric Services Branch, Department of Public Health at <st1:place
+ w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Regina</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">Sask.</st1:State></st1:place>
+ I had discussed with the chief, Dr. D. G. <span class=SpellE>McKerracher</span>,
+ my interest in combining my interests in medicine, chemistry and psychiatry
+ in a research position. I joined him in July 1, 1951. I was given three
+ missions: (1) to master psychiatry in preparation for qualifying for the
+ specialty; I was fully qualified in 1954, and a few years later became a
+ Fellow in the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons (<st1:country-region
+ w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region>). (2)
+ To be consultant in biochemistry to the general hospital at <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
+ w:st="on">Regina</st1:place></st1:City> and, (3) to initiate a program of
+ research into psychiatry.&nbsp;</span> </p>
+ <p><span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;January and February 1951, my wife
+ and I toured the few research centers in psychiatry in <st1:country-region
+ w:st="on">Canada</st1:country-region> and the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
+ w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> for six weeks. This
+ proved very valuable when later we decided which research program we would
+ start. The three most memorial visits were with Dr. Nolan D. C. Lewis, at the
+ Psychiatric Institute in New York, Dr. H. <span class=SpellE>Kluver</span>,
+ Culver Hall, University of Chicago, and Dr. Franz Alexander, at a
+ psychoanalytic institute which he directed. Lewis and <span class=SpellE>Kluver</span>
+ introduced me to the fascinating possibilities of the hallucinogens,
+ especially mescaline, and from Dr. Alexander's luncheon clinic I learned that
+ psychosomatic medicine had no basis in fact.&nbsp;</span> </p>
+ <p><span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;Dr. H. Osmond joined us in <st1:State
+ w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Saskatchewan</st1:place></st1:State> in the
+ fall of 1952. We soon were good friends and close colleagues. We organized
+ and directed the research program until he left in 1960, and I went into
+ private practice in 1967.&nbsp;</span> </p>
+ <p><span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;We decided to tackle the most
+ important single problem, schizophrenia. Half of our mental hospital beds
+ were occupied by these patients, and one quarter of all hospital beds in <st1:country-region
+ w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region> were
+ these patients. But there were very few tangible leads. Psychoanalysis was
+ sweeping into North American psychiatry, and the biological psychiatrists
+ were facing imminent defeat in their views about the nature of this
+ disease.&nbsp;</span> </p>
+ <p><span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;Dr. Osmond and Dr. J. <span
+ class=SpellE>Smythies</span> had discovered that the mescaline experience
+ resembled the schizophrenic experience, and he and <span class=SpellE>Smythies</span>
+ postulated that there might be a substance in the body with the properties of
+ mescaline and related to adrenalin. Dr. Osmond and I developed this idea,
+ which became known as the adrenochrome hypothesis of schizophrenia.&nbsp;</span>
+ </p>
+ <p><span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;In 1954 we received a very large
+ grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to continue this investigation. Before
+ I could get the grant I was to travel to <st1:place w:st="on">Europe</st1:place>
+ and visit the research centers there. By the time I left research we had a
+ very large well established research group, a truly cross-fertilized group in
+ which psychologists, psychiatrists, nurses, and social workers all worked
+ together.&nbsp;</span> </p>
+ <p><span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;Arising from this research are the
+ following discoveries: (1) That adrenochrome is <span class=GramE>an</span>
+ hallucinogen, (2) that it could be made in the body. It is now known to be
+ present and easily measured. (3) That megadoses of vitamin B-3 and ascorbic
+ acid were therapeutic for schizophrenia. This was one of the roots of
+ orthomolecular psychiatry and medicine as it is known today. (4) That niacin
+ lowers cholesterol levels. This vitamin is now one of the world's standard
+ materials for doing so. It also extends life and does not increase deaths
+ from violent acts as some of the other compounds which lower cholesterol do.
+ (5) The HOD (Hoffer-Osmond Diagnostic) and EWI tests for assisting in the
+ diagnosis of schizophrenia. This is an excellent test, hardly known to the
+ profession.&nbsp;</span> </p>
+ <p><span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;In pursuing this research we were
+ the first psychiatrists in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">America</st1:place></st1:country-region>
+ to conduct double blind controlled tests, and we were later the first to
+ recognize and to publish its many defects and flaws. Our discovery that
+ niacin lowers cholesterol, published in 1955, is credited with the initiation
+ of the new paradigm in nutritional medicine, i.e. the use of vitamins for
+ treatment and not just for prevention of deficiency disease.&nbsp;</span> </p>
+ <p><span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;I gave up my two positions,
+ Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Director of Psychiatric Research,
+ because my freedom to publish and discuss our therapeutic trials using vitamins
+ was being severely restricted by my two main employers, the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType
+ w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Saskatchewan</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>
+ and the Department of Public Health. The psychiatric establishment was
+ violently opposed to our work, which did not have the support of the drug
+ companies who were promoting their own products, the tranquilizers. Not a
+ single attempt was made to repeat our double blind controlled studies (five),
+ <span class=GramE>nor</span> to examine our claims clinically. I decided I
+ could be more effective free of any of these adverse influences.&nbsp;</span>
+ </p>
+ <p><span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;Since then I have been happily
+ working with thousands of patients, applying what we had discovered in those
+ early years in <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Saskatchewan</st1:place></st1:State>.
+ I have published many hundreds of reports in the medical and psychiatric
+ literature, but after our views became widely known the establishment
+ literature would no longer accept any and our reports went to the alternative
+ literature instead. I have authored many books.&nbsp;</span> <br>
+ <span style='font-family:Arial'><a
+ href="http://www.doctoryourself.com/biblio_hoffer.html">http://www.doctoryourself.com/biblio_hoffer.html</a></span>
+ </p>
+ <p><span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;I have been active in the International
+ Schizophrenia Foundation, now (2006) in its 38<sup>th</sup> year, and was one
+ of the organizers of the former Huxley Institute of Biosocial Research. I am
+ editor of the <i>Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine</i>, <a
+ href="http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/index.shtml">http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/index.shtml</a>
+ and <a href="http://www.orthomed.org/jom/jom.html">http://www.orthomed.org/jom/jom.html</a>
+ </span><br>
+ <span style='font-family:Arial'>which was the first medical journal to bring
+ attention to many important new treatments in medicine such as the yeast
+ syndrome, the toxicity of mercury from amalgams, the orthomolecular treatment
+ of the schizophrenias and many other conditions.&nbsp;</span> </p>
+ <p><span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;My main interest since 1967 in <st1:City
+ w:st="on">Saskatoon</st1:City>, and in <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Victoria</st1:place></st1:State>,
+ B.C., after 1976, has been to promote the principles of orthomolecular
+ medicine and psychiatry. In medicine the move into nutrition or
+ orthomolecular medicine is well underway, and will sweep into most of the
+ medical schools within the next five years. The move into psychiatry has been
+ dismally slow. Psychiatrists can not <span class=SpellE>untrack</span>
+ themselves from the influence of the tranquilizers, which are helpful, but
+ when used alone hardly ever restore a schizophrenic patient to normal. My
+ definition of a normal person is one who is free of signs and symptoms, gets
+ on well with family, gets on well with the community, and pays income tax. Up
+ to 90% of early patients, not yet badly damaged by the illness and the way it
+ was treated, will achieve this. With chronic patients most will achieve this
+ after 6 or 7 years of treatment. The treatment has been described many times.
+ Literature is available from the International Schizophrenia Foundation, <st1:address
+ w:st="on"><st1:Street w:st="on">16 Florence Avenue</st1:Street>, <st1:City
+ w:st="on">Toronto</st1:City>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Canada</st1:country-region>
+ <st1:PostalCode w:st="on">M2N 1E9</st1:PostalCode></st1:address>, telephone
+ number (416) 733-2117, fax number (416) 733-2352.&nbsp;</span> <span
+ style='font-family:Arial'><br>
+ <a href="http://www.orthomed.org/isf/isf.html">http://www.orthomed.org/isf/isf.html</a></span>
+ </p>
+ <p><span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;I am pleased with my medical
+ colleagues who are quickly moving into this modern paradigm, and am very
+ frustrated by the massive inertia of my psychiatric colleagues who are still
+ waiting for the Holy Grail, that new tranquilizer which appears every year,
+ which will do for schizophrenia what insulin does for diabetes. The number of
+ homeless chronic schizophrenics in the streets of all large American and
+ Canadian cities is evidence of their inability to do more them than we could
+ do in 1950 before we had any tranquilizers. But at least then we had
+ hospitals which provided shelter and food and some care. Today the downtown
+ slums have become the surrogate mental hospital beds for the chronic patients
+ whose treatment has been wholly tranquilizers.&nbsp;</span> </p>
+ <p><span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;About thirty years ago I predicted
+ that it would take at least forty years before megavitamin treatment would be
+ accepted. After all, Moses walked his Israelite followers in circles in the
+ desert for 40 years before initiating the invasion of the <st1:place w:st="on">Holy
+ Land</st1:place>. He realized that two generations of people born and raised
+ in slavery would have to die before he could depend upon them to have enough
+ fighting spirit and spunk to attempt the invasion. Do we have to wait for
+ more than two generations of psychiatrists bred in the analytic and
+ tranquilizer era to die before their offspring can begin to think about
+ orthomolecular treatment of schizophrenic patients? Our first megavitamin
+ treatment paper was published in 1957.&nbsp;</span> </p>
+ <p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>(For more information,
+ you may wish to read Dr. Hoffer&#8217;s complete scientific memoirs,
+ available at <span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><a
+ href="http://www.orthomed.org/store/store.html">http://www.orthomed.org/store/store.html</a>
+ )<o:p></o:p></span></p>
+ <p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Reprinted with permission
+ of the author.</span> <br>
+ <span style='font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></p>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'>
+ <td style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'>
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+ <a href="contact.html">Andrew Saul, PhD</a></p>
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+ <td style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'>
+ <p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
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+ <td style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'>
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+ <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt'>AN IMPORTANT NOTE:&nbsp;
+ This page is not in any way offered as prescription, diagnosis nor treatment
+ for any disease, illness, infirmity or physical condition.&nbsp; Any form of
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+ otherwise.&nbsp; Persons needing medical care should obtain it from a
+ physician.&nbsp; Consult your doctor before making any health decision.&nbsp;</span>
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+ <p><span style='font-size:7.5pt'>Neither the author nor the webmaster has
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+ <p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
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+ <td style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'>
+ <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span
+ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>| <a href="index.html">Home</a>
+ | <a href="order.html">Order my Books</a> | <a
+ href="aboutme.html">About the Author</a> | <a
+ href="contact.html">Contact Us</a> | <a
+ href="webmaster.html">Webmaster</a> |</span></p>
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