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---
title: RFID-Zapper(EN) - 22C3
date: 2015-11-19T14:39:55Z
source: https://events.ccc.de/congress/2005/static/r/f/i/RFID-Zapper(EN)_77f3.html
tags: hardware, privacy
---
\-- There is a german version of this article, [too][1]. --
\-- [También][2] existe una versión en español de este artículo. --
\-- RFID-Zapper 2006: [[1]][3] \--
## What is the RFID-Zapper?
The RFID-Zapper is a gadget to deactivate (i.e. destroy) passive [RFID-Tags][4] permanently.
The development-team presently consists of two people ([MiniMe][5] and [Mahajivana][6]), who had some help from a friend (thanks for that).
Goals are a proof-of-concept and the construction of at least one functioning and appealing prototype, as well as a documentation of the project so everyone can build an RFID-Zapper. Since the project found so much positive resonance, we probably are going to work on some other realizations of the concept, e.g. building an RFID-Zapper from scratch, without a single-use-camera.
## Why should I need such a thing?
We have to expect to be surrounded by RFID-Tags almost everywhere within the near future, and they will serve many different purposes. The benefits and risks of this technology and it's use are already being discussed. However, there will be attempts to use RFID-Tags to establish constant surveillance and to further threaten and compromise the privacy of customers (and citizens and even non-citizens, when governments start to use RFID-Tags like the German government already did).
To defend yourself against such measures, you might want a small, simple and relatively appealing gadget to permanently deactivate RFID-Tags around you, e.g., to deactivate RFID-Tags in recently bought clothing or books without damaging them.
## How does the RFID-Zapper work?
_Passive RFID tags have no internal power supply. The minute electrical current induced in the antenna by the incoming radio frequency signal provides just enough power for the CMOS integrated circuit (IC) in the tag to power up and transmit a response._
(Quote from [Wikipedia][4])
There are several ways to deactivate RFID-Tags. One that might be offered by the industries are RFID-deactivators, which will send the RFID-Tag to sleep. A problem with this method is, that it is not permanent, the RFID-Tag can be reactivated (probably without your knowledge). Several ways of permanently deactivating RFID-Tags are known, e.g., cutting off the antenna from the actual microchip or overloading and literally frying the RFID-Tag in a common microwave-oven, which needs to be turned on only for a short period of time. Unfortunately both methods aren't suitable for the destruction of RFID-Tags in clothes: cutting off the antenna would require to damage the piece of cloth, while frying the chips is likely to cause a small but potent flame, which would damage most textiles or even set them on fire.
![One of our cameras, 2for1 only 7 € in some drugstores][7]
![Enlarge][8]
One of our cameras, 2for1 only 7 € in some drugstores
The RFID-Zapper solves this dilemma. Basically it copies the microwave-oven-method, but in a much smaller scale. It generates a strong electromagnetic field with a coil, which should be placed as near to the target RFID-Tag as possible. The RFID-Tag then will receive a strong shock of energy comparable with an EMP and some part of it will blow, thus deactivating the chip forever.
To keep the costs of the RFID-Zapper as low as possible, we decided to modify the electric component of a singe-use-camera with flash, as can be found almost everywhere. The coil is made from coated copper wire and placed inside the camera exactly where the film has been. Then one end of the coil is soldered to the camera's capacitor, from which we earlier disconnected the flash. The other end of the coil is soldered to a switch, which itself is connected to the capacitor's other terminal. Once everything is tested, the camera can be closed again and henceforth will serve as a RFID-Zapper, destroying RFID-Tags with the power of ordinary batteries.
## State of the project
![A bit of paper might help][9]
![Enlarge][8]
A bit of paper might help
The Dutch TV Vara Niewslicht program recently published a video with the RFID-Zapper and some other interesting stuff too. You can watch it here: [http://omroep.vara.nl/tvradiointernet_detail.jsp?maintopic=424&subtopic=38690&detail=285291][10]
The original project was finished successfully and introduced at [22C3][11]. Several RFID-Zappers were built at 22C3 in a workshop.
Modification of a single-use-camera with flash has proven to be relatively easy, the capacitor is able to supply enough electrical current.
An old, slightly damaged Camera could also be modified into a RFID-Zapper during the workhop at 22C3.
As far as we know, about 20 working RFID-Zappers were built so far. In only one case we encountered serious problems, the capacitor seemed to be broken.
By the way: It is possible to carefully (don't expose it to any light) extract the photographic film from the camera for further use. (Most films from single-use-camera's seem to have no [DX encoding][12], so they might be useful for [push processing][13] or even pull processing ;-) But don't expect to much from such films, single-use-cameras usually don't come with a high-quality film.
### Proof-of-Concept
Before we first tried to modify a single-use-camera, we tested the concept on a passive 13,56-MHz-RFID-Tag:
* We took an old external flash apart, which had a guide number of 24. The capacitor of the flash had 330 μF and 300 V.
* selfwound coil, measures 4,5 x 8 cm, insulated copper wire, 1mm thick, 5 windings
* We then de-soldered the actual flash from the capacitor and then soldered the coil to it, but placed a switch between one of the capacitor's terminals and the coil, which later would close the curcuit. The capacitor now could be loaded like before and even made the usual high-pitched sound.
* To see whether the RFID-Tag was functioning or not, we had a [RFID-Finder][14], a gadget to find RFID-Tags.
* Then we ran several tests, each time loading the capacitor to a higher level, before closing the curcuit.
When loaded to about 100 V, the RFID-Zapper was able to destroy the RFID-Tags placed right next to it. No visible damage was done to the paper, in which the tag was wrapped. Since the strength of the electrical field decreases with the square of the distance, the final RFID-Zapper will definetly need a capacitor that can supply more than 100 V. Since we didn't have enough RFID-Tags we couldn't test the range of the RFID-Zapper with more current, e.g. 200 V or even 300 V.
### Further Plans
**\-- RFID-Zapper 2006: [[2]][3] \--**
* The documentation will be finished and published by the end of March. As we don't have a hoster yet(we need ftp accessable webspace with a mediawiki running) we have not been able to put anything new online yet. The manual will be published using a wiki in English and German, maybe French too. If you can host for us, please contact us.
* Until now we only had access to 13,56-MHz-RFID-Tags, but there are other tags running on different frequencies. We hope to be able to test the RFID-Zapper on such tags soon. If you can help us getting our hands on such tags, please contact us, we will be forever thankful.
* As we now have recieved a couple of donations of tags(thanks to you!), we soon will do some additional range testing and range improving on the Zapper
** Contact **
* [MiniMe][5]: zapper.20.minime@spamgourmet.com
* [Mahajivana][6]: rfid.20.mahajivana@spamgourmet.com
## **Caution**
(This part of this article probably will be longer than the equivalent part in the german article, since english-speaking peoble seem to be more concerned with safety matters and less careful with electric devices ;-)
* [Poldi][15] kindly informed us, that having a RFID-Zapper with you when checking in to a plane might cause trouble or even get you arrested (he almost was). RFID-Zappers are basically some kind of pocket-[EMP][16]. Although we doubt that it has the capacity to cause any trouble aboard an airplane, we seriously recommend against testing it, for reasons of your own health as well as that of others.
* RFID-Zappers don't comply with FCC rules.
* Modifying a single-use-camera into a RFID-Zapper isn't completely free of risks. If the capacitor is still charged fully or partly, you might catch yourself an electric shock. If you are a healthy, young person, this is probably only going to hurt a lot, but if you should have any kind of problems with your heart and/or circulation, you definetly want to properly decharge the capacitor first. If you use a bigger capacitor, the risk increases.
* Soldering irons are known to be unpleasantly hot at the tip.
* We also recommend against using the RFID-Zapper on RFID-Tags found within electrical devices, for these are likely to suffer damage too. You also shouldn't use RFID-Zappers too near to electric devices, especially if they are expensive. You also shouldn't use it near any magnetic data storage, like floppy disc, MCs, hard discs, credit cards, streamer-cartridges and so on. And don't try it near your grandpa's pacemaker or other sensitive medical equipment either!
* We don't think that the RFID-Zapper is a strong source of what is known in Germany as _Elektrosmog_, which means some kind of smog caused by electromagnetic fields. But if you are concerned about it, you might want to be careful. Unfortunately we can't tell you whether wearing a hat of aluminium helps or not.
* The RFID-Zapper might cause you to feel armed against companies or governments trying to compromise your privacy. You might even experience euphoria, especially when destroying RFID-Tags. This could lead to dangerous behavior, like speaking your mind, using freedom of speech, fighting for your rights, all of which are bound to ultimately lead to the communist world revolution ;-)
* **Shoplifting**:
No. This tool was not constructed as a burgular tool and is not to be used as. Besides, shops do not use RFID-Chips for eletronic theft prevention. However, it may be considered as such as a result of unknowledge.
[1]: https://events.ccc.de/congress/2005/wiki/RFID-Zapper "https://events.ccc.de/congress/2005/wiki/RFID-Zapper"
[2]: https://events.ccc.de/congress/2005/wiki/RFID-Zapper(ES) "https://events.ccc.de/congress/2005/wiki/RFID-Zapper(ES)"
[3]: https://events.ccc.de/congress/2006/RFID-Zapper "https://events.ccc.de/congress/2006/RFID-Zapper"
[4]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID"
[5]: ../../../m/i/n/User%7EMiniMe_b77e.html "User:MiniMe"
[6]: ../../../m/a/h/User%7EMahajivana_86de.html "User:Mahajivana"
[7]: https://events.ccc.de/upload/thumb/7/76/22c3_mahajivana_img_0419_213x320.jpg/180px-22c3_mahajivana_img_0419_213x320.jpg
[8]: https://events.ccc.de/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
[9]: https://events.ccc.de/upload/thumb/6/69/22c3_mahajivana_img_0430_360x240.jpg/180px-22c3_mahajivana_img_0430_360x240.jpg
[10]: http://omroep.vara.nl/tvradiointernet_detail.jsp?maintopic=424&subtopic=38690&detail=285291 "http://omroep.vara.nl/tvradiointernet_detail.jsp?maintopic=424&subtopic=38690&detail=285291"
[11]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_Communication_Congress "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_Communication_Congress"
[12]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DX_encoding "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DX_encoding"
[13]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_processing "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_processing"
[14]: http://www.heise.de/ct/05/02/202/ "http://www.heise.de/ct/05/02/202/"
[15]: ../../../p/o/l/User%7EPoldi_0c17.html "User:Poldi"
[16]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMP "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMP"
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