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<td><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>Positive Effects of Vitamin
Supplementation</font></font></b></td>
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<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="132"><font color="#FF0000">Vitamin Study</font>
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<td VALIGN=TOP><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">The Health of the Naturopath:
Vitamin Supplementation and Psychologic State </font></b>
<br><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">by E. Cheraskin, M.D., D.M.D. </font></b>
<p><b><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Introduction</font></i></b>
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica">It is generally agreed that aging is associated
with impaired immune responses </font>
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica">and increased infection-related morbidity.
In 1992, an eminent immunologist from Newfoundland, Canada and Johns Hopkins
assessed the effect of physiologic amounts of vitamins and trace elements
on immunocompetence and occurrence of infection-related illness. (1) He
assigned 96 independently living ambulatory, healthy elderly individuals
to receive either routine daily maintenance vitamin supplementation or
a placebo. Nutrient status and immunologic variables were assessed at baseline
and at 12 months, and the frequency of illness due to infection was ascertained. </font>
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Subjects in the supplemented group had
higher numbers of certain T-cell sub-sets and natural killer cells, enhanced
proliferation response to mitogen, increased interleukin-2 production,
and higher antibody response and natural killer cell activity. These subjects
were less likely than those in the placebo group to have illness due to
infections (23 versus 48 days per year). </font>
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica">He concluded that supplementation with
a modest physiologic amount of micro-nutrients improved immunity and decreased
the risk of infection in old age. In a subsequent double-blind, placebo-controlled
study, 35 additional healthy, noninstitutionalized elderly subjects were
once again supplied with multivitamin versus placebo supplementation. (2)
Pike and Chandra note that giving micro-nutrients can play a crucial role
in the maintenance of normal immune function in the elderly. This piece
of work received very little attention because of its lack of drama. After
all, these were just ordinary healthy elderly people given a simple multivitamin
trace mineral tablet! </font>
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica">It is interesting, in light of these Newfoundland
studies, that a recent USDA survey of food intake, reported only 1% of
Americans meet the minimum standards for dietary adequacy. (3) </font>
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"> </font>
<br><b><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica">A Naturopathic Study</font></i></b>
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"> In a continuing study of male naturopaths
(n=70) who are graduates of the Clayton College of Natural Health, we supplied
them with the Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire (CMI). The CMI
has been time tested by allopaths for approximately 50 years. It contains
over 200 questions in informal language. The answers are expressed as A-L
(organic findings) and M-R (psychologic symptoms and signs). One of the
queries (#169 for males) asks the question, "Do you use vitamins regularly?"
Our survey revealed that 87% of these men took a vitamin/mineral supplement
on a daily basis. </font>
<p><b><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Results</font></i></b>
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Our study disclosed three additional findings.
The total number of CMI complaints was not significantly different in those
who did or did not take vitamins (21.0 versus 21.3). Secondly, the most
statistically significant point was the total number of psychologic complaints
in those who took vitamins daily (3.1) compared to those who did not (5.6).
Specifically, those taking vitamins showed a reduction in inadequacy (.6
as against 1.4), </font>
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica">depression (.2 in contrast to .4), sensitivity
(.7 versus .9), anger (.5 balanced against 1.2) and tension (.5 compared
to 1.0). </font>
<p><b><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Discussion</font></i></b>
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica">It is obvious that multivitamin/trace
mineral supplementation alters psychologic state significantly. It is also
apparent that there are other positive and negative lifestyles. For example,
in answer to the question, "Do you get regular (daily) exercise?" 50 individuals,
or 74%, responded affirmatively. These will be discussed in a later paper.
(4) There are still other factors which enter into this picture.
Some of the samples are too small to measure since very few of the naturopaths
smoke, consume alcohol or drink coffee/tea. </font>
<p><b><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Summary and Conclusions</font></i></b>
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica">There are many positive and negative lifestyle
factors to be considered. The Newfoundland group has shown
the reduction in annual number of doctor visits (for infection) from 48
to 23 days by routine vitamin supplementation. For the first time, the
Clayton group emphasizes the role of vitamins on psychologic state. Specifically,
there is a reduction in inadequacy, depression, sensitivity, anger and
tension. Other lifestyle characteristics will be pursued in papers to follow. </font>
<p><b><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica">References</font></i></b>
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Chandra RK: Effect of vitamin and trace-element
supplementation on immune responses and infection in elderly subjects.
The Lancet 1992; 340/8828:1124-1127. </font>
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Pike J, Chandra, RK: Effect of vitamin
and trace element supplementation on immune indices in healthy elderly
international J Vitamin Nutr Res, 1995;65/2 117-120. </font>
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica">(Editor) Do We Really Need to Eat Like
a Horse to be as Healthy as One? National Nutritional Foods Association
Newsletter 1998; 12/4:13. </font>
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Cheraskin, E. The Health of the Naturopath:
Physical Activity. Manuscript in preparation. Natural Medicine Journal
1: #10, 12-15, December 1998 </font>
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"></font> <font face="Arial,Helvetica"></font>
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica">(Reprinted with permission of the author) </font><font face="Arial,Helvetica"></font>
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